RESUMO:A incontinência urinária (IU) é definida como qualquer perda involuntária de urina que gere desconforto social ou higiênico para a paciente e possa ser objetivamente demonstrado. Estudos indicam que até 40% das mulheres americanas tem algum grau de IU. Para que os pacientes mantenham uma capacidade adequada de continência urinária, é necessário que diversos músculos, nervos simpáticos, parassimpáticos e somáticos atuem conjunta e harmonicamente, sendo que a falha de qualquer uma dessas estruturas pode culminar na perda involuntária de urina. Considerando-se os distintos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e as diferentes clínicas possíveis da IU, ela pode ser subdividida em cinco tipos básicos: a incontinência de esforço, de urgência, mista, paradoxal ou contínua. Esse distúrbio é mais comumente encontrado em mulheres caucasianas e com história familiar positiva, o que demonstra a participação de fatores hereditários em sua etiologia. Dentre os fatores de risco ambientais, podemos citar: idade avançada, prática de atividades físicas de alto impacto, grande paridade, obesidade, tabagismo e presença de algumas doenças crônicas, como diabetes mellitus. De forma geral, os episódios de incontinência são responsáveis por grande constrangimento social das pacientes acometidas, podendo comprometer suas vidas na esfera social, psicológica, física e econômica. Ainda assim, muitas pacientes não compreendem a IU como uma doença e acreditam que se trate apenas de uma complicação natural do ato de envelhecer. Isso é preocupante, pois mascara a real gravidade do problema e faz com que a IU seja subestimada e negligenciada por muitos profissionais de saúde. Nas últimas décadas, diversos tratamentos conservadores foram propostos, como terapias farmacológicas, utilização de exercícios específicos, biofeedback e estimulação elétrica ou magnética. Apesar disso, a cirurgia ainda é considerada o principal método terapêutico para muitas das pacientes acometidas pela IU. Palavras-chave: Incontinência Urinária; Saúde da Mulher; Revisão. ABSTRACT:Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary loss of urine that causes social or hygienic issues and can be objectively demonstrated. Some papers indicate that about 40% of American women present some degree of UI. In order for urinary continence be
RESUMOA formação histórico-social levou a figura do médico como detentor de conhecimento e da opinião final. O papel do médico para com a sociedade só logrará ser agente transformador quando consciente e pró ativo. Com o crescimento da validação e da legitimidade social adquiridos, permitiu-se, ao profissional, a livre autonomia e livre conduta. A formação exclusivamente técnica e a hierarquia da relação médico-paciente ficaram para trás para uma boa prática médica, o uso racional de procedimentos e medicamentos. A qualidade do serviço é avaliada conforme a percepção do cliente, neste caso, o paciente. Cada paciente possui uma perspectiva diferente e todas as avaliações são influenciadas e dependem do conhecimento, da necessidade, dos interesses e dos valores de cada um. O ideal seria que o próprio paciente tivesse voz dentro de determinados limites pois estes são a única fonte e o único objetivo dos serviços médicos prestados. Importa aos médicos serem conscientes dos papéis dinâmicos e importantes que a sociedade atual. Palavras-chave: Relações Médico-Paciente; História da medicina; Assistência Médica; Ética Médica. ABSTRACTThe historical-social formation made the figure of the doctor as holder of knowledge and decision maker. The role of the doctor towards society can only become a transforming agent when conscious and proactive. With the growth of validation and social legitimacy acquired, the medical professional was allowed free autonomy and free conduct. Nevertheless, the exclusively technical training and the hierarchy of the doctor-patient relationship are behind us for good medical practice the rational use of procedures and medications. The quality of the service is evaluated according to the client's perception, in this case, the patient. Each patient has a different perspective and all evaluations are influenced and depend on the knowledge, needs, interests and values of each patient. Ideally, the patient himself should have a voice, within certain limits, since these are the only source and sole purpose of medical services rendered. It is important for physicians to be aware of the dynamic and important roles of society today.
Objective: To compare the pedobarographic findings of plantar pressure distribution in individuals with typical diabetic neuropathy with non-diabetic individuals. Methods: 25 patients with typical diabetic neuropathy were randomly selected and another 25 non-diabetic patients were selected electively. After undergoing clinical examination according to the report and recommendations of the San Antonio Conference on Diabetic Neuropathy, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and static podobarography tests were performed to identify pressure points in the feet and distribution of plantar pressure. Results: The mean age of 62.24 (± 9.01) years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.69 (± 5.9) Kg / m² and mean HbA1c of 8.9 (± 3.29% of non-diabetic patients, mean age was 61.04 (± 9.69). The mean hallucin pressure in the diabetic group was 111.16 (± 64.25) kPa, in the non-diabetic group was 78.91 (± 4.43) Kg / m² and HbA1c was 5.3 (± 0.24) ± 38.48) kPa and the comparison showed ap = 0.015. Conclusion: An increase in pressure was found in the hallux region of diabetic patients when compared to non-diabetic patients.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of customized insoles in the plantar pressure of diabetes patients with neuropathy in comparison to the sham group. METHODS: The work method, duly registered at the Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos – REBEC (Clinical Trial Brazilian Register) (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/) RBR-5NQK4K, includes a randomized, controlled, prospective, double-blinded clinical trial, with a sample of 46 volunteers that will be randomly randomized in a 1: 1 ratio to be referred to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive customized insoles, with a retrocapital bar and an ethyl vinyl acetate plaque (EVA) in the same shape as the retrocapital bar, in order to reduce the pressure on the forefoot. In the control group, flat insoles will be prepared without any therapeutic objective. This project was developed according to the standard protocol for randomized clinical trials (SPIRIT). Along with the clinical evaluation, demographic data of the sample will be collected to identify and confirm the presence of peripheral neuropathy, next, the pedobarographic will be evaluated, and finally, the patients will answer the FAAM questionnaire to assess foot functionality. The primary outcome will be analyzing pressure points in KiloPascal (kPa) in the patients’ feet through pedobarographic of the patients in the intervention and control groups. The secondary outcome will be the foot functionality in activities of daily living through the FAAM (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure), considering the volunteers in the initial evaluation, third and sixth months. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Mainly, results of this study will show whether there is a structural alteration in the analysis of the plantar pressure due to the continuous use of insoles and present the evaluation of whether the use of therapeutic insoles improves the foot functionality of the same users when compared to sham insoles.
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