El poblamiento ibérico en el Noroeste Murciano: una aproximación al oppidum de Los Villaricos a través de su patrón de asentamiento. Leticia López-Mondéjar Universidad de Murcia ResumenEl presente trabajo pretende llevar a cabo una primera aproximación al importante oppidum de Los Villaricos (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia), a través del análisis de la estrategia locacional de dicho centro y de las posibilidades que ofrece un estudio de conjunto del paisaje ibérico en estos territorios del Sureste peninsular. Se intenta abordar así el papel que pudo desempeñar este asentamiento en el Noroeste murciano, prestando especial atención a los criterios que definen la organización territorial ibérica en este sector regional.PALABRAS CLAVE: época ibérica, patrón de asentamiento, organización territorial, Murcia, Los Villaricos, Cerro de la Ermita de La Encarnación. RiassuntoIl presente lavoro si presenta come un approccio iniziale all'importante oppidum di Los Villaricos (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia), partendo dall´analisi del suo modelo insediativo e delle posibilità che offre uno studio di insieme del paessagio iberico di questi territori del Sud-est della Penisola Iberica. Si affronta così il ruolo di questo sito nel popolamento del Nord-ovest murciano, e si approfondisce inoltre i criteri che definiscono la organizzazione territoriale iberica in quest'area regionale. PAROLE CHIAVE: età iberica, modello di insediamento, organizzazione territoriale, Murcia, Los Villaricos, Cerro de la Ermita de La Encarnación.

INTRODUCCIÓN: OBJETIVOS Y METODO-LOGÍALos últimos trabajos de campo desarrollados en la comarca Noroeste murciana refl ejan la vitalidad de este sector del Sureste durante los periodos ibérico y romano. La importancia de yacimientos como el Cerro de las Fuentes o la recientemente excavada necrópolis del Villar de Archivel, muestran la importante ocupación de esta área durante el periodo ibérico, ofreciendo además interesantes datos para el análisis de su integración en la órbita romana. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los yacimientos localizados en este sector murciano correspondiente al entorno de las poblaciones murcianas de Archivel y Barranda (Figs. 1, 2 y 3), y cuya cronología se extiende entre los siglos IV a.C.-II d.C. Se presentan así todos los yacimientos documentados en esta zona a fi n de establecer un primer catálogo general de los mismos en el que vean la luz aquellos aun inéditos. Partiendo de dichos datos, y a modo de síntesis general, se plantearán algunos de los rasgos que defi nen el poblamiento ibérico y romano en XXXI, 2012, 115-130. Recepción: 16-09-2011 Aceptación: 10-10-2012 Figura 1: Localización del área de estudio en el Sureste peninsular y en la comarca del Noroeste murciano.

Santuarios y poder ideológico en el Sureste ibérico peninsular (siglos IV-III a.C.): paisajes, ceremonias y símbolos Cult places and ideological power in the Iberian Southeast (4 th -3 rd centuries BC): landscapes, ceremonies and symbols. ABSTRACTThe dynamic of the Late Iron Age during last centuries before the Roman expansion was defined in Western Europe and in the Mediterranean area by an increasing social complexity, which led to the consolidation of the socio-political elites. Although this process presented different patterns in every regional area, the ideology was a common key tool during this period and it was used by the elite in order to reinforce its position within the community. The use of ideology promoted by the elite is visible in the most different aspects of the life of those communities, such as their necropolis, their pottery and, especially, their cult places. All of them were spaces where that ideology was 'materialised' and where it became visible to the entire community. In the case of the Iberian Peninsula, both the importance of the ideology for the elites and their interest in materialising it are clearly illustrated through the iconographic programs developed in different peninsular sites, such as those of San Miguel de Liria (Valencia), Porcuna and El Pajarillo (Jaén).Research developed in diverse Mediterranean and European areas has demonstrated the special significance of cult places as spaces of social representation during the pre-roman period, presenting them as ideal sites to analyse that materialisation of the ideology linked to the elites. These works offer, along with the anthropological studies, an interesting comparative view to analyse the cult places in the Iberian Peninsula and, particularly, in the Iberian Southeast. This is the study area of this paper which focuses on the analysis of these sites in the current area of Murcia between the 4th-3rd centuries BC, as spaces where the materialisation of the ideology by the local elites is more easily visible through the archaeological record. The paper pays close attention to those cult places directly linked to the main settlements (oppida) where these local elites resided.The study area presents a double interest. Firstly, it lacks analyses which approach from this perspective all these regional cult places as a whole. Secondly, some of the most important peninsular cult places are located here, such as El Cigarralejo (Mula), La Encarnación (Caravaca), La Luz (Verdolay) and Coimbra del Barranco Ancho (Jumilla). They offer a wide amount of archaeological information which becomes especially useful for the proposal approach.Anthropological studies have defined three main dimensions where ideology is usually materialised within a society and all of them are presented in the study area: landscape (monuments, symbolic and strategic locations, architecture), symbolic objects (imported products, images, iconography) and ceremonies (offerings, presence of priests, etc.). The archaeological record of the regional sanctuaries, alo...

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