The interest in South American native plant species has been growing in recent years due to their health benefits. Brazil is one of the world's mega-diverse locations with over 40,000 different plant species representing 20% of the world's flora. The country was visited in the 19th century by European travelers and naturalists, who described the use of native plant species as food. In this study, data on 67 species was recovered from historical documents and bibliographies. Several of the recorded species show potential as functional food in laboratory studies. Other species are unknown or not yet submitted to any study, in order to verify their health benefits.
The inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is associated with deposition of fat in the liver. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies may impact in body fat storage and in liver lipid dynamics. It is important to study specific inflammatory mediators in this context, since their role on hepatic damage is not fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in liver dysfunction induced by diet. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-18, and TNF receptor 1 knockout mice (IL-18 and TNFR1) were divided according to the experimental diets: chow diet or a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. Alanine aminotransferase was quantified by colorimetric analysis. Total fat content in the liver was determined by Folch methods. Levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in liver samples were measured by ELISA assay. IL-18 and TNFR knockout mice fed with chow diet showed higher liver triglycerides deposition than WT mice fed with the same diet (WT: 131.9 ± 24.5; IL-18: 239.4 ± 38.12*; TNF: 179.6 ± 50.45*; *P < 0.01). Furthermore, these animals also showed a worse liver histopathological score and lower levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in the liver. Interestingly, treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet did not exacerbate liver damage in IL-18 and TNFR1 mice. Our data suggest that IL-18 and TNF may be involved on hepatic homeostasis mainly in a context of a healthy diet.
RESUMO A soja é um grão que possui um dos maiores teores de proteína e ferro entre os alimentos de origem vegetal e teve a sua utilização muito aumentada nos últimos anos, principalmente por lactentes que têm problemas de intolerância ao leite de vaca em todo mundo. Em razão da sua grande quantidade de ferro, a soja tem sido investigada quanto à sua capacidade de recuperação de indivíduos anêmicos. No passado, a investigação baseou-se somente na sua quantidade de ferro total, não considerando as frações solúveis (mais biodisponíveis) das insolúveis (que são mais dificilmente absorvidas). Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar análises químicas em quatro cultivares de soja Glycine max (L.) Merrill (IAC PL-1; IAC 22; IAC 8-2 E IAC 15-2), bem como os seus respectivos conteúdos de ferro solúvel. Os teores de proteína nos grãos, que foram em média de 34,46%, foram estatisticamente iguais; o de lipídeos foi maior para a cultivar IAC PL-1, com 20,07% (P<0,01) e a cultivar que apresentou o menor teor de fibras foi também a IAC PL-1, com 5,24% (P<0,01), no grão moído e tratado termicamente a 95 o C por uma hora. A quantidade de ferro total foi maior para a cultivar IAC 8-2, com 110,27 ppm, seguida pela IAC PL-1, que apresentou uma média de 101,93 ppm de ferro. Quanto aos seus conteúdos de ferro solúvel e de polifenóis, não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, sendo os seus conteúdos médios de ferro solú-vel cerca de 2,52 mg/100 g , e de tanino cerca de 5,51 mg/100 de soja moída e tratada termicamente. Pelos resultados dessas análises, verifica-se que a soja IAC PL-1 seria a mais indicada para um possível tratamento de anemia ferropriva de ratos, por ter bons conteúdos de ferro total e conteúdo de ferro solúvel estatísticamente igual à da soja IAC 8-2, que teve o maior conteúdo de ferro total e por apresentar os menores teores de fibras. TERMOS PARA INDEXAÇÃO:Soja, composição centesimal, composição mineral e ferro solúvel.
Our data show that mild-obese allergic mice do not present severe pathologic features of food allergy similar to those exhibited by lean allergic mice. Mild obesity promoted by HC diet ingestion causes important intestinal disorders that appear to modulate the inflammatory response during the antigen challenge.
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