In this study, 90 locally grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) landraces were collected and morphologically characterized using 20 descriptors derived from UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). Genetic diversity and relationships of the genotypes were revealed using 20 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker combinations. The discrimination power of each polymorphic marker (estimated by the polymorphism information content) ranged from 0.15 to 0.99 with an average of 0.73. Dice's similarity coefficient ranged between 0.00-1.00. The cluster analysis that was conducted using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) for both molecular and morphologic data showed that all of the genotypes fell into two main groups and many subdivisions. According to morphological data, fruit length, diameter and weight of the genotypes were determined between 6.5 - 32.5 cm, 25 - 52 mm and, 28 - 625 g respectively. It is clear from the results, a moderate level of genetic diversity, which has the potential for broadening the genetic base, was observed among the Turkish cucumber landraces.

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Determination of different gene sources is important for plant breeding studies; therefore, local genotypes are of interest. In this study, collected genotypes were hybridizied with commercial genotypes in order to transfer some traits such as disease resistance and long shelf life to local genotypes. After that, obtained genotypes were self pollinated twice and gene pool was created according to some morphological traits. Nine different groups were created from combinations according to result of clustering analysis. Result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that total rate of 65.208% variation was observed. As a result of the research, half way materials were acquired that are thought to be used in obtaining qualified variety or varieties.