The addiction problem associated with the overuse of technology has spread to tourism, with recent literature suggesting that tourists may want “disconnection” while traveling. This study, therefore, focuses on the new and poorly understood concept of the digital detox holiday. There is confusion in the literature since there are many terms to refer to it, such as digital-free tourism, unplugged tourism, and disconnected tourism. This study clarifies digital detox holiday as a tourism form. First, based on a review of previous research, a digital detox holiday model was proposed to resolve the confusion. Second, publications in Google and Scopus databases (2012-2020) were reviewed by bibliometric analysis and science mapping analysis via VOSviewer. The results revealed that the digital detox holiday can be considered a form of digital-free tourism and unplugged tourism. The results also showed that it is a recent research topic, with an increase in relevant publications since 2016, especially after 2018. Consequently, the publication trend is likely to accelerate further in the future. This study contributes to the literature by describing the characteristics of the digital detox holiday and visually mapping publications to highlight trends.
The taxes applied in the tourism sector have been the subject of constant debate. The economic power of tourism and the fact that it is an element increasing costs, have led to the tax type applied specifically in the tourism sector, and collected from tourists. Although this tax type is referred to by different names in different countries, it is considered appropriate to use it in the literature as the tourist tax concept, since it is collected specifically from tourists as taxpayers. In this study, an effort has been made to develop the conceptual framework of the tourist tax, and how European Union member countries apply tourist tax has been investigated in detail by using secondary sources. In addition, the applicability of the tourist tax in Turkey, how it should be applied, and the policy of which of the countries applying the tourist tax is appropriate for Turkey, have been discussed. It is considered that the tourist tax, which has the potential to provide a financial contribution primarily to the local administrations and tourism destinations, will be an essential source for Turkey. As a result of the study, recommendations for a tourist tax implementation that may be used in Turkey have been developed.
Tourist tax has become increasingly important to destinations worldwide to internalize the external costs of tourism and to support tourism investments, provide social services and protect the environment. Based on “the user pays principle”, tourist tax aims for a fair distribution of the costs created by tourism activity. It is therefore important to explore the tourists’ willingness to pay tourist tax, identify its antecedents, and examine outcomes of tourist tax. However, few studies have examined attitudes of tourist as taxpayers. Hence, the present study aims to the determine tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) tourist tax to enhance sustainable tourism and identify the factors affecting their willingness. Informed by the literature review, various scenarios of willingness to pay tourist tax were created. The scenario surveys were collected from tourists staying at least one night in Istanbul. Data from 428 responses collected were analyzed by utilizing the Tobit model in the STATA v14 program. The results indicate that average amount that tourists are willing to pay varied with each scenario. The WTP was lowest when the expenditure items were not specified whereas it was highest for the cultural heritage support scenario. In line with the proposed model, willingness to pay also depended on socio-demographic variables, knowledge level, travel content, and behavioral factors.
Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde gerçekleştirilen online ödev ve sınavlarda en çok endişe duyulan durum öğrencilerin yeterince denetlenemiyor olmasıdır. ChatGPT gibi dil modeli teknolojisine dayalı yapay zekâ uygulamaları da bu endişeyi arttırabilecek önemli unsurlardır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, ChatGPT’nin turizm alanında gerçekleştirilecek ödev ve çoktan seçmeli sınavlarda, doğruluk ve doğrulama aşamalarında nasıl bir başarı ortaya koyduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma sonucu incelendiği zaman, ChatGPT gibi teknolojilerin ortaya çıkmasının çevrimiçi sınavların bütünlüğüne yönelik önemli bir tehdit oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Ödev sorularında hatalı yanıtlar vermesi ve belirtmiş olduğu kaynakların gerçekte var olmaması ChatGPT’nin bu tarz sorularda hem doğruluk hem de doğrulama aşamalarında yeterli başarıya ulaşamadığını göstermiştir. Fakat çoktan seçmeli sorular karşısında oldukça başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. 20 adet çoktan seçmeli sorunun 16 adedine doğru 4 adedine ise yanlış cevap vermiştir. Bu durum ChatGPT’nin çoktan seçmeli turizm bilgisinin ölçülmesinde iyi bir turizm öğrencisinden beklenen düzeyde performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Bu araştırma, İstanbul'da bir Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesinde turizm eğitimi gören ve en az bir dönem turizm sektöründe staj yapmış 11. ve 12. Sınıf öğrencilerinin demografik özelliklerine göre turizme yönelik mesleki bağlılık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin mesleki bağlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde, Meyer ve diğerleri (1993) tarafından ortaya atılan ve Tak ve Çiftçioğlu (2009) tarafından Türkçe'ye çevrilerek güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması yapılan, "Mesleki Bağlılık Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Veriler, okul idaresi tarafından 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında 11. ve 12. sınıfta öğrenim gören 290 öğrenciden anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Man Whitney-U testi ile gerçekleştirilen hipotez testleri sonucunda, öğrencilerin cinsiyet ve en son staj yaptıkları işletme özelliklerine göre, turizm mesleğine yönelik bağlılık düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, öğrencilerin sınıf düzeylerine göre mesleki bağlılık düzeylerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığını göstermektedir.
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