THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEWscript maps owned by the Clements Library are described in this detailed guide. Not included here are the more than 40,000 printed maps also owned by the Library. Many of the maps noted are closely allied to, or form a part of, manuscript collections in the Library the majority being from the papers of Generals Clinton and Gage and of other British colonial officials. One large group of maps is from the papers of Loammi Baldwin and son, early American civil engineers. The maps are listed in a geographical arrangement with authorship and date given when known. Brief descriptions, giving subject, scale, and location in the Library, are likewise supplied. An appendix contains a list of manuscript maps in other collections of which the Clements Library has facsimiles.

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Inter-American Studies. STUDYING LATIN AMERICA THE VIEWS OF AN "OLD CHRISTIAN"* I ATIN Americanists must be prepared for sudden shifts in the winds of circumstance. Less than ten years ago a gathering of scholars at the Newberry Library in Chicago lamented the lack of support for their disciplines, and drew up an impressive list of tools and monographs needed to advance the field.1 Presumably the specialists returned to their campuses refreshed by this heady and cathartic experience of thinking adventurously, but they found no change there in the attitudes of their university administrators or the majority of their colleagues, who still believed that Latin America was an area of peripheral value; the professors were not discharged, of course, for they had tenure, but the promise of the early flurry of Latin American area developments that had occurred in the 1940's was not fulfilled.Even foundations, usually eager to tread new paths and reach for some stars, adopted a cautious attitude, immediately following World War II, toward spending money on Latin American studies. I still remember a dinner meeting at the University of Texas some ten or twelve years ago at which a senior officer of the Rockefeller Foundation counselled moderation in the development of a Latin American program * This paper is based upon the Hackett Memorial Lecture delivered by the author at the University

When Alexander VI promulgated the bull Inter caetera on May 4, 1493 granting Spain a large part of the new world, there seems to have been no doubt that the natives who dwelt in the ‘very remote islands and mainlands’ would be willing and able to accept the teachings of the Catholic church. For Alexander had been informed that in those far off lands werevery many peoples living in peace and, as reported, going unclothed, and not eating flesh. Moreover, … these very peoples … believe in one God the Creator in heaven, and seem sufficiently disposed to embrace the Catholic faith and be trained in good morals. And it is hoped that, were they instructed, the name of the Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, would easily be introduced into the said countries and islands.These optimistic predictions were not fulfilled and, as the Spanish conquest of the Americas proceeded to reveal the existence of millions of natives, the action of the papacy in the conversion and protection of these masses of Indians became an important matter, for as that studious seventeenth century jurist, Antonio de Leon Pinelo, declared:Inasmuch as the Indies were conceded to the kings of Castile principally in order to favor and convert the Indians, no harm must come of this concession.

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