Inguruneko ezaugarriek eragina izan dezakete herritarron portaera osasungarrietan. Badirudi bizi garen tokiaren eta gure elikadura-ohituren artean erlazioa dagoela. Beraz, ingurunea bizilagunen ikuspegitik ezagutzea beharrezkoa da biztanleriaren elikaduran eragina duten determinatzaileak baloratzeko. Ikerketa gutxik aztertu dituzte hiri-inguruneak herritarren ikuspuntutik. Horregatik, azterlan honen helburua Bilboko auzo bateko elikadura-ingurunearen diagnostiko komunitarioa egitea izan zen, eta horretarako Photovoice Partaidetza-Ekintza Ikerketa metodologia erabili zen. Proiektu honetarako parte-hartzaileak Auzo Elkarteen bidez bildu ziren. Photovoice-rako, inklusio-irizpideak betetzen zituzten gizon eta emakumeez osaturiko talde heterogeneoa sortu zen. 2017ko apiriletik uztailera, aukeratutako 6 auzotarrek bi orduko iraupeneko 5 talde-saioetan parte hartu zuten, eta haiek ateratako argazkiei buruzko eztabaida kritikoak burutu ziren. Auzoko elikadura-ingurunea deskribatzeko 30 argazki batu ziren guztira. Adostasun prozesu baten ondoren, parte-hartzaileek 9 kategoria identifikatu zituzten eta horiei lotutako 13 argazki adierazgarri aukeratu zituzten. Amaitzeko, emaitza horietan nabarmendutako ezaugarriak 6 gai kontzeptualetan batu ziren: 1) Ohitura txarrak, 2) Kultura-aniztasuna, 3) Harreman sozialak, 4) Iraunkortasuna, 5) Merkataritzaren eraldaketa, 6) Ohitura osasungarriak. Herritarrek haien elikadura-ingurunea hobetzeko proposatutako gomendioak Bilboko arduradun politikoei aurkeztu zitzaizkien. Photovoice proiektuaren bitartez herritarrek haien elikadura-inguruneari buruz zuten ikuspegia ezagutu zen, eta baita testuinguru horrek ohitura dietetikoetan duen eragina aztertu ere. Auzotarren eskutik lortutako ondorioak lagungarriak izan daitezke tokian-tokiko politika eta esku-hartzeak gidatzeko, elikadura-ingurune osasungarriagoak sustatzeko helburuarekin.

Context Nutrition plays a critical role in adolescence. Adolescents are vulnerable to the impact of different factors that distance them from healthy habits, increasing their risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. Qualitative methodologies allow for a better understanding of these factors. Objective This systematic review aims to consolidate qualitative research evidence from the past 10 years to analyze the facilitators and barriers influencing adolescents’ eating behaviors. Data Sources Databases searched for relevant studies were Scopus, Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Data Extraction A total of 4176 records were identified. The authors used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) quality-assessment tool. Results Fifty articles with qualitative or mixed methodologies were finally included. The most applied techniques were focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The factors influencing adolescents’ diets were classified into 4 dimensions: individual, social, community, and macrosystem factors. The most influential were the following—(1) at the individual level: gender (facilitator or barrier), taste and appearance of food (barrier), and lack of time (barrier); (2) at the social level: parents’ and caregivers’ influence (facilitator or barrier), peer group influence (barrier), and socioeconomic position (barrier); (3) at the community level: school food environment (facilitator or barrier), neighborhood food environment (barrier), household food environment (facilitator or barrier), food insecurity (barrier), and availability and affordability of ultra-processed foods (barrier); and (4) at the macrosystem level: digital tools (facilitator or barrier). Conclusions This systematic review identified several facilitators and barriers influencing eating behaviors among adolescents. Qualitative research provides a rich source of knowledge to inform interventions aimed at improving adolescents' diets. Qualitative research is very useful for collecting researches that help to implement intervention programs that improve adolescent nutrition.

Introduction: Food intake can determine a person's individual state of health and well-being. Addressing relevant nutrition content in the nursing curriculum is the key to providing knowledge, attitudes and skills on prevention and treatment and to promoting health.Objective: To review the evidence concerning teaching and learning methods on nutrition for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A search was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed/Ovid), Web of Science (WOS), EMBASE (through OvidSP), CINAHL (through EBSCO Publishing), ERIC (Educational Resource Information Center) and Scopus. The search included publications in English and Spanish from the launch of the databases until January 2021. Primary empirical studies, studies with nursing students in the sample and studies that reported on teaching and learning about nutrition were included in this review. Results: 22 articles met the inclusion criteria, identifying four relevant themes: 1) Review of nursing programs and curricula; 2) Teaching designs; 3) Assessment of learning; 4) Student perceptions of the teaching methodology. Conclusions: This scoping review highlights the benefits of teaching nursing students about nutritional care programmes. The publications included show great heterogeneity across programmes, explicit learning outcomes and evaluation methods. Our findings suggest the need to further expand and strengthen research on design, implementation and evaluation of learning sequences. Introducción: La ingesta de alimentos puede determinar el estado individual de salud y bienestar de la persona. El abordaje de contenido relevante sobre nutrición en el curriculum de enfermería resulta clave a la hora de proporcionar conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades sobre prevención, tratamiento y promoción de la salud.Objetivo: Revisar el tipo de evidencia en relación a la enseñanza y aprendizaje sobre nutrición en estudiantes de grado en enfermería. Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en MEDLINE (PubMed/Ovid), Web of Science (WOS), EMBASE (a través de OvidSP), CINAHL (a través de EBSCO Publishing), ERIC (Educational Resource Information Center) y Scopus. La búsqueda incluyó publicaciones en inglés y español desde el lanzamiento de las bases de datos hasta enero de 2021. En esta revisión se incluyeron estudios empíricos primarios y que contuvieran en la muestra estudiantes de enfermería, y estudios cuyos resultados informaran sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje en nutrición. Resultados: 22 trabajos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, identificándose cuatro temas relevantes; 1) Revisión de programas y curriculum; 2) Diseños de enseñanza; 3) Evaluación del aprendizaje; 4) Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la metodología de enseñanza. Conclusiones: Las publicaciones incluidas presentan una gran heterogeneidad entre los programas implementados, los resultados de aprendizaje explicitados y los métodos de evaluación, lo que imposibilitó la comparación. Sin embargo, todos destacaron los beneficios de la enseñanza de la nutrición en estudiantes de enfermería. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de seguir investigando sobre el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las secuencias de aprendizaje.

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