This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org linked ␣ -and ␤ -subunit, with each subunit having a large extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a short, noncatalytic cytoplasmic tail. Integrins seem to be the major receptors by which cells attach to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as vitronectin, etc. ( 4 ), and are involved in the metastasis signaling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ( 5 ).The integrin ␣ V subunit associates with one of fi ve integrin ␤ subunits, ␤ 1, ␤ 3, ␤ 5, ␤ 6, or ␤ 8, to form fi ve distinct ␣ V ␤ heterodimers ( 6 ). The integrin ␣ V ␤ heterodimers on the cell surface interact with cell adhesive proteins, such as collagen, fi brinogen, fi bronectin, and vitronectin. These interactions play an important role in cell adhesion or migration, especially in tumor metastasis. Integrins increase in invasive tumors and distant metastases, characterize the metastatic phenotype, and play a key role in tumor metastasis ( 7,8 ). Many studies have documented marked differences in the surface expression and distribution of integrins between malignant tumors and preneoplastic tissues. For example, the integrin ␣ V ␤ 3 complex is strongly expressed in the invasive front cells of malignant melanoma and angiogenic blood vessels, but it is weakly expressed on preneoplastic melanomas and quiescent blood vessels ( 9 ). Also, it has been demonstrated that ␣ V ␤ 3 integrin is specifi cally required to sustain neovascularization induced in vivo by fibroblast growth factor-2 ( 10 ). Integrin ␣ V ␤ 3 physically associates with phosphorylated and activated insulin-like growth factor receptor, and it may be involved in the HCC cell migration and progression ( 11 ). Furthermore, inducing the expression of the integrin ␣ V ( 7 ) or ␤ 3 ( 12 ) subunit in melanoma cells increases their metastatic potential. Integrins have been implicated as very important adhesion molecules that are involved in multiple physiological processes, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and survival ( 1-3 ). Each integrin generally consists of a noncovalently Abstract Integrin is important in migration and

Up to date, there has been no molecular signature available in the clinical practice for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate circulating miRNA let-7d significance in ADHD, we investigated serum miRNA let-7d in 35 newly diagnosed ADHD subjects who were randomly selected from 406 patients out of 7450 children, paired with gender- and age-matched control through case-control study. We observed that circulating miRNA let-7d was significantly higher in ADHD subjects than in control (p < 0.05). Higher circulation level of miRNA let-7d was significantly associated with ADHD (odds ratio 16.7; 95% confidence, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, serum galectin-3 level was down-regulated in ADHD subjects and the subjects with low galectin-3 expression accounted for 66% in ADHD. The difference of the serum galectin-3 levels between ADHD and non-ADHD groups reached significance (p < 0.05). In 1-year follow-up, a significantly higher rate of clinical improvement was noted in subjects with low level of circulating miRNA let-7d (p < 0.05) than those with high level of circulating miRNA let-7d. Our data demonstrated that miRNA let-7d was elevated in the serum of ADHD subjects, which might be a novel, useful molecule signature for ADHD.

SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) were incubated with fucosylated glycoproteins that had been isolated from retinoic acid-treated cells by affinity chromatography. HCC migration was significantly inhibited by AAL- and LCA-glycoproteins. Glycopeptides, obtained by digestion of the glycoproteins with trypsin and papain, were found to have a similar inhibitory effect on HCC migration as the corresponding glycoproteins. The inhibitory actions of the glycoproteins were almost abolished after digestion with alpha-L-1,3/4- or alpha-L-1,2-fucosidase. Induction of HCC migration with chemokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), lymphotactin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and stroma cell-derived factor-1 was examined and IL-8 was found to be the most potent. Interestingly, the isolated glycoproteins significantly inhibited HCC migration and F-actin aggregation induced by IL-8, whereas the glycans themselves did not induce F-actin assembly. From receptor binding analysis AAL-glycan was found to bind IL-8 receptors especially CXCR2 directly and such binding could be blocked by 3'- or 2'-fucosyllactose. After CXCR2 silence by target RNAi, the cells almost lost the response to AAL-glycan inhibition. Our findings suggest that fucosylation plays an important role in the interaction between IL-8 and its receptors inducing HCC migration.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a child developmental and behavioral disorder which seriously hinders their education and development. To investigate the key regulators in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the major affected areas of ADHD, microRNA (miR)-138,138*, 34c*, 296, and 494, were noted for their significant downregulation in ADHD model rats spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat control. Based on promoter sequence analysis and activity assay, glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) was identified for the inhibition of the promoter activity of miR-138-1, 34c*, 296, and 494 genes and their transcription. In the PFC of ADHD model rats SHR, Nr3c1 expression was abnormally elevated and reversely correlated with the levels of miR-138-1, 34c, 296, and 494 expression. Luciferase report assays indicated that all miR-138, 138*, 34c*, 296, and 494 targeted the 3′ untranslated region of transcription factor Bhlhb2 (Bhlhe40) messenger RNA (mRNA) in common and ectopic expression of miR-138,138*, 34c*, 296, and 494 further suppressed the expression of Bhlhb2 gene. Consistently, Bhlhb2 expression was significantly higher in PFC of ADHD model SHR than control. Overexpressed Bhlhb2 in vitro significantly suppressed PC12 cell differentiation, and silence of Bhlhb2 enhanced the growth of neurite axon and dendrite. To observe the roles of Bhlhb2 further in vivo, Bhlhb2 was silenced in the PFC of nine SHR rats. Interestingly, knockdown of Bhlhb2 significantly improved the hyperactivity behaviors in SHRs compared to control. These findings show that Nr3c1-Bhlhb2 axis dysregulation was involved in the development of attention deficit and hyperactivity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9679-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.