No abstract

BackgroundTo analyze the clinicopathological profile of young patients (≤ 40 years) with oral SCC and correlate with a control group (≥ 50 years) by means of histopathological grading systems.Material and Methods14 young patients and 14 control patients were selected with similar clinical stage and tumor location. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patient records and histological sections were evaluated according to four histopathological grading systems. Associations between categories of demographic and clinical data were performed through Chi-square test and Exact Fisher test. The survival analyzes were performed according to the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe comparison between groups showed a greater association of treatment modalities in younger patients (p=0.022), they had a higher incidence of local recurrence and regional metastasis (p=0.018) and lower disease-free survival in 5 years (p=0.069). There was no difference in 5-year overall survival among the studied groups. There was no difference in histological grading between studied groups according to the four used systems.ConclusionsThis study showed that, despite tumors had similar histological grade and more therapeutic modalities were used in the young group, tumors in young patients had a higher incidence of recurrence/metastasis, showing tendency to a more aggressive behavior. Key words:Squamous cell carcinoma, tumors histological grading, young.

Laccase is useful for various biotechnological and industrial applications. The white-rot fungus Trametes velutina 5930 and its laccase, isolated from the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in China by our laboratory, has great potential for practical application in environmental biotechnology. However, the original level of laccase produced by Trametes velutina 5930 was relatively low in the absence of any inducer. Therefore, in order to enhance the laccase production by Trametes velutina 5930 and make better use of this fungus in the field of environmental biotechnology, the regulation of laccase production and laccase gene expression in Trametes velutina 5930 were investigated in this study. Different metal ions such as Cu2+ and Fe2+ could stimulate the laccase synthesis and laccase gene transcription in Trametes velutina 5930. Some aromatic compounds structurally related to lignin, such as tannic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid and guaiacol, could also enhance the level of laccase activity and laccase gene transcription. We also found that there existed a positive synergistic effect of aromatic compound and metal ion on the laccase production and laccase gene transcription in Trametes velutina 5930. Taken together, our study may contribute to the improvement of laccase productivity by Trametes velutina 5930.

Objectives: Heterotaxy syndrome is a recognized risk factor for surgical cardiac interventions. We evaluated the early- and middle-term results of a surgical intervention for patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Methods: A total of 42 patients with heterotaxy syndrome were enrolled (September 2008 to March 2015). Left and right atrial isomerism were identified in 26% (11 out of 42) and 74% of patients (31 out of 42), respectively. The median age of the patients at the time of surgery was 6.8 months (range: 5 days to 22.3 years). Biventricular repair was completed in 3 patients with left atrial isomerism. Seventeen out of 39 patients who were scheduled for single ventricular repair completed a modified Fontan procedure. Results: The hospital mortality rate was 4.7% (2 out of 42). Another 5 deaths occurred in the remaining survivors following hospital discharge with a follow-up duration of 45.8 ± 23.6 months (range: 13-111 months). The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 88.1% (37/42) and 83.3% (35/42), respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis identified pulmonary venous obstruction and atrioventricular valve replacement as additional risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Right ventricular bypass surgery remains the preferred palliative procedure for patients with heterotaxy syndrome. Based on the current results, the early- and middle-term outcomes are satisfactory.

Background: Given the importance of microvascular injury in infarct formation and expansion, development of therapeutic strategies for microvascular protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is of great interest. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) against cardiac microvascular dysfunction mediated by IRI. Methods: DAPA effects were evaluated both in vivo , in mice subjected to IRI, and in vitro , in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). DAPA pretreatment attenuated luminal stenosis, endothelial swelling, and inflammation in cardiac microvessels of IRI-treated mice. Results: In H/R-challenged HCAECs, DAPA treatment improved endothelial barrier function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and angiogenic capacity, and inhibited H/R-induced apoptosis by preventing cofilin-dependent F-actin depolymerization and cytoskeletal degradation. Inhibition of H/R-induced xanthine oxidase (XO) activation and upregulation, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) oxidation and inactivation, and cytoplasmic calcium overload was further observed in DAPA-treated HCAECs. DAPA also suppressed calcium/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation and cofilin phosphorylation, and preserved cytoskeleton integrity and endothelial cell viability following H/R. Importantly, the beneficial effects of DAPA on cardiac microvascular integrity and endothelial cell survival were largely prevented in IRI-treated SERCA2-knockout mice. Conclusions: These results indicate that DAPA effectively reduces cardiac microvascular damage and endothelial dysfunction during IRI through inhibition of the XO-SERCA2-CaMKII-cofilin pathway.