Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Susilawati I, Tasrifin DS, Salman LB, Mushawwir A. 2021. Behavioral, physiological, and blood biochemistry of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle at different altitudes in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 533-539. For dairy cows, the study of physiological aspects and those related to it is very important based on altitude. The data of this study are the main considerations to determine the ability of homeostasis, prediction of production and appropriate feed management. This study aims to examine the behavior, physiological abilities, and blood plasma biochemistry of sixty dairy cows. It was conducted using three locations in West Java Province based on topography, namely: (i) location with topography 350-500 meters above sea level (masl): Sukabumi Regency; (ii) location with topography 550-750 masl: Sumedang Regency; and (iii) locations with topography > 800 masl: Bandung Regency. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were taken accurately, using a syringe and a 5 mL tube containing EDTA, respectively. Blood sampling was taken carefully from the jugular vein of dairy cows at the beginning of every month for six sampling periods. After each collection, the whole blood was separated from the plasma directly using a centrifuge, with a speed of 4500 ppm for 7 minutes. The plasma obtained was used to measure the value of blood biochemistry related. The plasma analysis was conducted using a Kenza 240TX model spectrophotometer. The procedure for analyzing blood samples followed the instructions listed in the randox and biolabo kits. Furthermore, behavioral and thermoregulation measurements were performed every week during this research. The results showed an increase in dairy cows' time spent lying and drinking at low altitudes compared to dairy cows at high altitudes. In contrast, rumination and feeding activities were decreased, as shown in the blood's physiological response and biochemical profile. Dairy cows appear to be more challenging to adjust physiologically at lower altitudes.

ABSTRAK Usaha sapi perah telah menjadi usaha turun temurun sebagai usaha keluarga. Usaha sapi perah di Indonesia umunya masih merupakan usaha sapi perah rakyat dengan skala kepemilikan di bawah 10 ekor per peternak. Masalah utama yang sampai saat ini masih dihadapi yaitu belum efisiennya peternak dalam usaha sapi perah. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai efisiensi teknis usaha sapi perah, faktor produksi yang dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan produksi susu, dan mengetahui faktor inefisiensi pada usaha sapi perah. Penelitian dilakukan pada usha sapi perah rakyat di Kecamatan Tanjungsari pada bulan Agustus-September 2019 di wilayah KSU Tandangsari. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode survei menggukana kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan software Frontier 4.1. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ratarata nilai efisiensi teknis usaha sapi perah pada daerah penelitian yaitu 0,643. Faktor-faktor produksi yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi susu yaitu jumlah sapi laktasi, pemberian hijauan, pemberian konsentrat, dan curahan tenaga kerja. Faktor yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi ienfisiensi diantaranya umur, pengalaman, pendidikan, sapi non produktif, total populasi, dummy pekerjaan utama, dan produksi rumput walaupun secara statistic belum signifikan. Berdasarkan nilai efisiensi teknis tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usaha sapi perah di Kecamatan Tanjungsari belum efisien secara teknis (Et)<1 (0,643).

Kandang merupakan tempat tinggal untuk hewan yang dapat memberikan rasa nyaman bebas dari  gangguan luar. Kandang yang baik memiliki ukuran yang sesuai serta bagian-bagian dalam kandang  seperti ventilasi. Apabila kandang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari ternak itu sendiri maka dapat  menyebabkan stress sehingga akan berdampak kepada performa produksi susunya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran-ukuran kandang kambing perah laktasi  yang  meliputi panjang, lebar, tinggi serta tinggi dari permukaan tanah. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Peternakan Kambing Perah Alam Farm Manglayang Kecamatan Cilengkrang Kabupaten Bandung  Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif . Data sampel diperoleh dari 30  kandang kambing perah yang sedang laktasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kandang kambing perah di Peternakan Kambing Perah Alam Farm menghasilkan rata-rata pada setiap kandang besar (A) 140,4 x 102 x181,5 cm, kandang (B) 121,6 x 105,5 x 170 cm, Kandang (C) 142 x101x175 cm, Kandang D 122x100x170 cm dengan rataan tinggi kandang dari permukaan tanah 73-81 cm sehingga koefisien variasi berkisar antara 0,000174-0,000467 dan masih dalam keadaan normal. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa  perkandangan kambing perah laktasi  yang terdapat di Peternakan kambing perah Alam Farm Manglayang  masih dalam kondisi yang  relatif  normal dan persyaratan kandang lainnya memenuhi standar.

Altitude contributes and plays an important role in the development dairy cows in Indonesia. Altitude is directly related to temperature and humidity, both of which affect cardiovascular function and energy metabolism in dairy cattle. The 120 samples, consisted of 4th-5th lactation Friesian Holstein dairy cows were used in this study. The 40 samples of cattle each spread in three maintenance sites with different altitudes, namely 300 to 500 m above sea level (a.s.l.); 600-900 m a.s.l. and >1,000 m a.s.l.  All the study sites located in West Java, Indonesia, to study the effect of altitude on the cardiovascular biomarker and lipid regulation in the dairy cow. Based on the result in this experiment showed that the CRP high sensitivity, H-FABP, homocysteine, and γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Frisian Holstein dairy cows expressed higher levels (P <0.05) at low altitude site (300-500 m a.s.l.) than dairy cows at altitude sites higher (600-900 and >1,000 m a.s.l.), These results indicated, these compounds can be biomarkers for cardiovascular function. This study also showed, the lipid regulation also showed higher levels (P <0.05) at low altitude sites than altitude sites higher.

This aims of this study was to estimate the bodyweight of FH dairy cows from birth to first child by knowing growth patterns and creating a standard curve for dairy cattle growth at BBPTU-HPT Baturraden dairy cow in Baturraden district, Banyumas Regency, Purwokerto, Central Java. Data obtained in the form of secondary data from births in 2005-2016 were 1437 tails and primary data were 353 tails. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 program with NLIN procedures (Non-Linear) using Gompertz models. The results show that the Gompertz models is easy in the calculation process with the data deviations that are close to the field of data and the models have a high degree of accuracy with the coefficient of determination (R2 ) 99.83%. The conclusion of this study is that the resulting curve of the Gompertz model can be used as a standard growth curve of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle in Indonesia from birth to first calf.