Background Primary intussusception in children is a common acute abdominal disease. The cause of this disease is still not fully understood. Many articles have reported that children with intussusception are often accompanied by hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes and submucosal lymphoid tissue of the terminal ileum. Therefore, hyperplasia of intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (mesenteric lymph nodes and submucosal lymphoid tissue of the intestinal tract) may be one of the main causes of intussusception. However, the characteristics and differences of intestinal-associated lymphoid tissues in healthy children and children with intussusception at different ages have not been reported. In addition, the relationship between mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal submucosal lymphatic tissue also needs to be further understood. Methods 73 patients with intussusception during the recovery phase who were treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were collected as the observation group, while 101 children with healthy physical examination or diseases unrelated to intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia were collected as the control group. They were divided into different age groups of 1–6 months, 7–12 months, 13–18 months, 19–24 months, 25–36 months, 3–4 years, 5–6 years, and 7–8 years old. Ultrasonography was used to explore and scan mesenteric lymph nodes in fixed areas of the right lower abdomen and around the umbilicus. The size (cm3) and number (n) of detectable lymph nodes in each region were recorded and calculated, and the total mesenteric lymph node volume (cm3) of the right lower abdomen (RLTMLNV) and periumbilical region (PTMLNV) was calculated, respectively. The total mesenteric lymph node volume of each region in different ages of the two groups was analyzed. Results (1) There were significant differences between the control group and the observation group in the right lower abdominal total mesenteric lymph nodes volume (RLTMLNV) and the periumbilical total mesenteric lymph nodes volume (PTMLNV) (P = 0.001). The mesenteric lymph nodes in the observation group showed severe hyperplasia. (2) Children with intussusceptions are usually accompanied by severe mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia. The mean volume value of RLTMLNV was greater than that of PTMLNV. Especially within 2 years of age, the mean value of RLTMLNV was significantly higher than that of PTMLNV with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3) In normal children (control group), lymph nodes in the right lower abdomen and periumbilical area showed low hyperplasia, and there was a significant difference between age groups of < 2 years old and 2–8 years old (p = 0.001). In the children with intussusception (observation group), the hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes in the right lower abdomen and around the umbilicus was severe. There was no significant difference in the proliferation of mesenteric lymphoid tissue among different age groups in the right lower abdomen (P = 0.834). There was also no significant difference in hyperplasia of periumbilical mesenteric lymphoid tissue among different age groups (P = 0.097). Conclusions Our research shows: (1) The occurrence of primary intussusception in children is related to the hyperplasia of intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue. (2) Children with intussusceptions were usually accompanied by severe mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia. The mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia was more evident in the right lower abdominal ileocecal area than in the periumbilical area before 2 years of age. RLTMLNV has better predictability of intussusception than PTMLNV. The occurrence of intussusceptions was more closely related to the hyperplasia of intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue in the right lower abdomen. (3) Normal children showed a low degree of mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia before 2 years old, moderate hyperplasia after 2 years old, and mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia in the right lower abdominal ileocecal area was basically the same as the periumbilical area. The lymphatic tissue of the right lower abdomen and periumbilical mesentery in children with intussusceptions showed severe hyperplasia, and there were no significant differences among different age groups.

Background Intussusception recurrence (IR) induced by intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia (ILH) in children is rare, and surgical treatment is the final resort if IR is refractory to medications and non-surgical interventions. To date, only a few case reports have described surgical management of ILH-induced IR in children, all involving bowel resection regardless of whether there are bowel necrosis and perforation. Case presentation A 2-year-old boy was transferred to our department due to IR. His main complaint was abdominal pain. Color Doppler ultrasound confirmed ileocecal intussusception while no other abnormalities were found. A final diagnosis of IR with unknown causes was made. Repeated saline enema reductions and dexamethasone failed to cure the IR. Laparotomy was eventually performed after almost 10 episodes of IR. Intraoperatively, distal ileum thickening with palpable masses without bowel necrosis and perforation was noted. ILH was suspected and a biopsy of the affected intestine was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed ILH. The intussusception was manually reduced, the terminal ileum and the ileocecal junction were fixed to the paralleled ascending colon and the posterior peritoneum respectively, and no bowel resection was performed. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and no IR was observed during over 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions As far as we are aware, this is the first report of successful surgical treatment of ILH-induced pediatric IR without bowel resection in a child. Our experience suggests bowel resection may be unnecessary if bowel necrosis and perforation are absent.

No abstract

Background: The most common and most serious complication of Kawasaki disease (KD)is heart lesion(HL), which is the main cause of childhood acquired HL.Objective: Use echocardiography to study the HL recovery of children with KD complicated by HL, and provide an important theoretical basis for the prognosis of KD complicated by HL.Methods: Using prospective research methods, 38 children with KD complicated by HL were followed up for echocardiographic examination, and the longest examination time was one year. And carry on statistical analysis to the inspection data.Results: In 38 children with KD complicated by HL, 36 cases of coronary artery lesion (CAL), including 29 cases of coronary artery dilation(CAD), 7 cases of coronary artery stenosis(CAS), and 2 cases of simple pericardial effusion without CAL. CAL complicated with valve regurgitation in 4 cases, pericardial effusion in 3 cases, and left ventricular enlargement in 4 cases. In about 3 weeks, most of the pericardial effusion and mild CAD recovered. At 3 months, except for a few severe CAL, heart valve regurgitation and left ventricular enlargement all recovered. The recovery of moderate CAD was slow. One case still failed to return to normal after 1 year, but the coronary artery diameter gradually decreased.Conclusion: Kawasaki disease complicated by heart lesion mainly affects the coronary arteries, and the main manifestation is expansion. The more the expansion, the slower the recovery.

Background: Primary intussusception in children is a common acute abdominal disease. The cause of this disease is still not fully understood. Many literatures have reported that children with intussusception are often accompanied by hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes and submucosal lymphoid tissue of the terminal ileum. Therefore, hyperplasia of intestinal associated lymphoid tissue (mesenteric lymph nodes and submucosal lymphoid tissue of the intestinal tract) may be one of the main causes of intussusception. However, the changing characteristics and differences of intestinal associated lymphoid tissues in healthy children and children with intussusception at different ages have not been reported. In addition, the relationship between mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal submucosal lymphatic tissue also needs to be further understood. Methods: 73 patients with intussusception during recovery phase who were treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were collected as the observation group, while 101 children with healthy physical examination or diseases unrelated to intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia were collected as the control group. They were divided into different age groups of 1-6 months, 7-12 months, 13-18 months, 19-24 months, 25-36 months, 3-4 years, 5-6 years, and 7-8 years old. Ultrasonography was used to perform exploration and scanning of mesenteric lymph nodes in fixed areas of the right lower abdomen and around the umbilicus. The size (cm3) and number (n) of detectable lymph nodes in each region were recorded and calculated, and the total mesenteric lymph node volume （cm3） of right lower abdomen（RLTMLNV） and periumbilical region （PTMLNV） was calculated respectively. The total mesenteric lymph node volume of each region in different ages of the two groups was analyzed.Result: 1.There were significant differences between the control group and the observation group in the right lower abdominal total mesenteric lymph nodes volume （RLTMLNV） and the periumbilical total mesenteric lymph nodes volume（PTMLNV）(P=0.001). The mesenteric lymph nodes in the observation group showed severe hyperplasia. 2. Children with intussusceptions are usually accompanied by severe mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia. The mean volume of RLTMLNV was greater than that of PTMLNV. Especially within 2 years of age, the mean volume of RLTMLNV was significantly higher than that of PTMLNV with statistical significance (P<0.05). RLTMLNV has a better predictability of intussusception than PTMLNV, The occurrence of intussusception was more closely related to the hyperplasia of intestinal associated lymphoid tissue in the right lower abdomen. 3. In normal children (control group), lymph nodes in right lower abdomen and periumbilical mesentery showed low hyperplasia, and there was a significant difference between age groups of <2 years old and 2-8 years old (p =0.001). In the children with intussusception (observation group), the hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes in the right lower abdomen and around the umbilicus was in the state of severe hyperplasia. There was no significant difference in the proliferation of mesenteric lymphoid tissue among different age groups in the right lower abdomen (P=0.834). and there was also no significant difference in hyperplasia of periumbilical mesenteric lymphoid tissue among different age groups (P=0.097).Conclusion: 1.The occurrence of primary intussusception in children is related to the hyperplasia of intestinal associated lymphoid tissue. 2. Children with intussusceptions were usually accompanied by severe mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia. The mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia was more obvious in the right lower abdominal ileocecal area than in the periumbilical area before 2 years of age. RLTMLNV has a better predictability of intussusception than PTMLNV, The occurrence of intussusceptions was more closely related to the hyperplasia of intestinal associated lymphoid tissue in the right lower abdomen. 3. Normal children showed low degree of mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia before 2 years old, and moderate hyperplasia after 2 years old, and the degree of mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia in right lower abdominal ileocecal area was basically the same as periumbilical mesenteric lymphoid hyperplasia. The lymphatic tissue of the right lower abdomen and periumbilical mesentery in children with intussusceptions showed severe hyperplasia, and there were no significant differences among different age groups. Fund program: Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project(2019YX007).; National Natural Science Foundation of China（82070856）