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Stable CuO/H2O nanofluids were synthesized in a wet chemical method. Optical absorption property of CuO/H2O nanofluids was investigated with hemispheric transmission spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm. Photo-thermal conversion property of the CuO/H2O nanofluids was studied with an evaluation system equipped with an AUT-FSL semiconductor/solid state laser. The results indicate that CuO/H2O nanofluids have strong absorption in visible light region where water has little absorption. Under the irradiation of laser beam with a wavelength of 635 nm and a power of 0.015 W, the temperature of CuO/H2O nanofluids with 1.0% mass fraction increased by 5.6 °C within 40 seconds. Furthermore, the temperature elevation of CuO/H2O nanofluids was proved to increase with increasing mass fractions. On the contrast, water showed little temperature elevation under the identical conditions. The present work shows that the CuO/H2O nanofluids have high potential in the application as working fluids for solar utilization purpose.

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Gas transport in shale gas reservoirs is largely affected by rock properties such as permeability. These properties are often sensitive to the in-situ stress state changes. Accurate modeling of shale gas transport in shale reservoir rocks considering the stress sensitive effects on rock petrophysical properties is important for successful shale gas extraction. Nonlinear elasticity in stress sensitive reservoir rocks depicts the nonlinear stress-strain relationship, yet it is not thoroughly studied in previous reservoir modeling works. In this study, an improved coupled flow and geomechanics model that considers nonlinear elasticity is proposed. The model is based on finite element methods, and the nonlinear elasticity in the model is validated with experimental data on shale samples selected from the Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin China. Numerical results indicate that, in stress sensitive shale rocks, nonlinear elasticity affects shale permeability, shale porosity, and distributions of effective stress and pore pressure. Elastic modulus change is dependent on not only in-situ stress state but also stress history path. Without considering nonlinear elasticity, the modeling of shale rock permeability in Longmaxi Formation can overestimate permeability values by 1.6 to 53 times.