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Based on the proposed higher order gradient quasi-continuum model, the numerical investigations of the basic mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of human red blood cell (RBC) membrane under large deformation at room temperature (i.e., 300 K) are carried out in the present paper. The results show that RBC membrane is a nonlinear hyperelastic material. The mechanical properties of RBC membrane is dominated by isotropic nature at the stage of initial deformation, however, its anisotropic material properties emerge clearly with the loading increasing. The out-of-plane wrinkling of RBC membrane upon shear loading can be reproduced numerically. With the use of the so-called higher order Cauchy-Born rule as the kinematic description, the bending stiffness of RBC membrane can be considered conveniently.

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The flooding process is one of the main concerns of damaged ship stability. This paper combines the volume of fluid (VOF) method incorporated in the Navier-Stokes (NS) solver with dynamic mesh techniques to simulate the flooding of a damaged ship. The VOF method is used to capture the fluid interface, while the dynamic mesh techniques are applied to update the mesh as a result of transient ship motions. The time-domain flooding processes of a damaged barge and a rectangular cabin model are carried out based on the abovementioned method, and the computational results appear compatible with the experimental data. During the flooding process, the motion of the flooding flow at different stages is observed and compared with that observed in real conditions. The time-domain research of the flooding process is the starting point for subsequent establishment of damaged ship’s roll movement and capsizing the mechanism of dead ship condition in wave.

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