Objective: Gamma irradiation is an effective technique can be used to reduce contaminants in herbal products. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth belongs to Piperaceae family has some biological activity, such as antioxidant and ACE inhibitor. The aimed of this research was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on microbiological, phytochemical content, antioxidant and ACE inhibition activity. Methods: Sample was irradiated at a various dose of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. Microbiological was determined as total aerobic plate count (TAPC), and total yeast and mold (TYC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant and ACE inhibition activity were investigated by various in vitro colorimetric methods. Results: Irradiation dose of 10 kGy reduced TAPC and TYC. Irradiation dose of 10 kGy slightly increased TPC, antioxidant, and ACE inhibition activity (p<0.05) but reduced TFC significantly (p<0,05) and caused degradation of flavonoids in this plant. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic compounds have a role as antioxidant and ACE inhibitor. Conclusion: gamma irradiation was found to be sufficient to ensure microbiological safety, increase TPC, the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity but caused degradation of flavonoids on Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Objective: The aims of this study were to know the hair growth activity from the ethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction compared to the nonethosomal gel of ethyl acetate fraction, as well as its ability to penetrate into the skin and its safety from ethosomal gel testing. Methods: The hair growth activity was measured by three parameters: Hair length, hair thickness, and hair weight. Results: The results obtained are shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has better hair growth activity rather than the ethosomal gel with concentration 0.5% and the nonethosomal gel but it has similarity to the positive control (minoxidil gel with concentration 2%). In vitro penetration test using Franz diffusion cells shown that the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% has cumulative penetration of quercetin higher than nonethosomal gel, which value was 3.3175±0.02 µgcm −2 for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1%; and 2.7663±0.19 µgcm -2 for the nonethosomal gel with flux values for the ethosomal gel with concentration 1% and the nonethosomal gel, respectively, are 0.4147±0.01 µgcm . Conclusion: As for the safety test using hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) safety test) have shown that both concentrations 0.5% and 1% of the ethosomal gel can generate mild irritation for topical application.

Introduction: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is known as a raw material for herbal medicine; Preservation of herbs powder by gamma irradiation is reported to be able to keep products free from contamination. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ACE inhibitory activity (ACE Kit -WST test kit method), antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging method), total phenolic content (colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), total flavonoid content (colorimetric method using AlCl3 and sodium acetate), and TLC profiling (silica gel F 254 as the stationary phase and dichlormethane:methanol [92:8] as the mobile phase) of suruhan herb powder. Results: Results showed that the 2.5 kGy irradiation dose gave the smallest alteration in ACE inhibitory activity compared to others irradiated doses. Furthermore, the 5 and 7.5 kGy dose didn't cause significant change (p>0.05) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was found to correlate with the total phenolic content but not with the total flavonoid content. Conclusion: Based on these finding, it is concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservation method for P. pellucida herb powder.