The adoption of the American neoliberal paradigm has resulted in significant social changes worldwide. Its effects are evident in different fields including language use. Thus, the influence of the English language and American culture on other languages is of interest tolinguists, translators, and SL teachers. This study aimed at identifying the presence of Anglicisms in the press in order to describe them, determine their frequency and patterns of use, and infer the causes of their incorporation in Spanish as well as its implications for SL teaching. Anglicisms were collected by the Antena Chilena de Neología between 2006 and 2012 and then analyzed according to formal characteristics and contextual domains. Results showed that Anglicisms have a strong presence in today's press in economics, computer science, sports, and culture, and that speakers adopt rather than adapt them. Four factors may explain the introduction of Anglicisms to Spanish: lexical gaps, social prestige, linguistic economy, and user preference. It was concluded that the English language and American culture have a significant presence in the press through Anglicisms, which needs to be taken into account in ESL teaching and translator training.
ResumenCon el propósito de constatar la vitalidad del español, en este estudio se realizó un análisis general de préstamos neológicos relevados de prensa escrita. El corpus estuvo constituido por préstamos con y sin adaptación clasificados en type y token frequencies por los nodos actualmente activos del Observatori de Neologia de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra entre 2003 y 2010. La recopilación de las unidades de estudio combinó la extracción manual con la captura semiautomática, y la clasificación se realizó de acuerdo al Protocolo de Vaciado de Prensa Escrita del Observatori. Se determinó la naturaleza de la adopción y la frecuencia de uso de los préstamos por informante, lengua de origen y área contextual del conocimiento. Además, se identificó rasgos diferenciadores del uso de algunos préstamos por informante y se analizó posibles motivaciones de los redactores de periódicos para incorporar préstamos al español. Se concluyó que los préstamos son un recurso importante de creación léxica, siendo los más frecuentes los anglicismos no adaptados.Palabras Clave: Vitalidad lingüística, neologismo, préstamo, prensa escrita.El préstamo en seis variedades geolectales del español: Un estudio en prensa escrita Loanwords in six geolectal varieties of Spanish: Research in written pressRevista signos. estudios de Lingüística issn 0718-0934
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