By means of a database including information from 117 international scientific papers, we present quantitative conclusions on the concentrations, frequencies of detection and removals of pharmaceutical products in wastewater treatment plants. Abstract:We created a database in order to quantitatively assess the occurrence and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). From 117 scientific publications, we compiled 6641 data covering 184 PPCPs. Data included the concentrations of PPCPs in WWTP influents and effluents, their removal efficiency and their loads to the aquatic environment. The first outputs of our database allowed to identify the most investigated PPCPs in WWTPs and the most persistent ones, and to obtain reliable and quantitative values on their concentrations, frequency of detection and removal efficiency in WWTPs. We were also able to compare various processes and pointed out activated sludge with nitrogen treatment and membrane bioreactor as the most efficient ones.

We created a database in order to quantitatively assess the occurrence and removal efficiency of PPCPs in WWTPs. From 113 scientific publications, we compiled 5887 data on the concentrations and loads of PPCPs in WWTP influents and effluents, and on their removal efficiency. The first outputs of our database include: (1) a list of the most frequently studied molecules, their frequency of detection, their mean concentration and removal in liquid influent and effluent; (2) a comparison of the removal efficiency for different WWTP processes; (3) a study of the influence of the operating conditions (sludge and hydraulic retention times).

We have studied a Portuguese family with a dominant beta-thalassaemia trait that was present in one member of each of three generations. It was characterized by a moderate anaemia, microcytosis and hypochromia, anisopoikilocytosis, Heinz body formation in peripheral red cells, splenomegaly, and a blood transfusion requirement during pregnancy. Sequence analyses of amplified DNA detected a deletion of (G) TG.GCT.GGT.GT(G) at codons 134-137 (Val.Ala.Gly.Val) and the insertion of (G)GC.AG(G) (Gly.Arg) at the same location. Thus, the resulting beta chain has an abnormal structure only at codons 134-137 and is two residues shorter than the normal 146 residues. This chain could not be detected in circulating red cells and must be degraded rapidly by proteolysis because the Heinz bodies consisted mainly of alpha chains.

Este artículo analiza aspectos autobiográficos de la escritora Rachel de Queiroz en la novela Caminho de Pedras (1937), en el que ubico a la protagonista y su obra al contexto histórico, político y social de Brasil en la época de la Dictadura de Getúlio Vargas. Para lograr los objetivos, analicé el corpus bajo las referencias teóricas, di énfasis en las discusiones sobre la relación entre literatura y autobiografía.

La ficción autobiográfica escrita por mujeres es considerada por la crítica feminista como una forma de empoderamiento, ya que contradice el discurso canónico literario. En este artículo, para ejemplificar esta asertiva, a la luz de una bibliografía pertinente, se evidencian aspectos autobiográficos y de género subyacentes en las obras “O Quinze” (1930) y “Caminho de Pedras” (1937), en que la escritora Rachel de Queiroz describe la propia condición femenina, por medio de la trama novelesca y de las protagonistas.