Purpose: Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) is the quantity related to the risk of radiation-induced breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the MGD in screening mammography for women with breast implants. Methods: This retrospective study used data of 2680 mammographies of 335 asymptomatic women with mammary implants examined in a digital direct x-ray unit. Each woman had a total of eight images: four in standard views and four with posterior displacement of the implant (ID). Data on kV, mAs, target/filter combination, compressed breast thickness and MGD were obtained from the DICOM header of the stored images. Quantitative variables were presented through descriptive statistics for median (5th–95th percentiles); and the qualitative variables were presented by numbers and percentages. Mean glandular doses of standard views and ID views were compared and statistical analysis was used to assess the influence of implant position, breast glandularity and thickness on mean glandular doses. Results: Median MGD for standard views were 3.30 (2.60–4.00) mGy for CC and 3.31 (2.70–4.20) mGy for MLO. For ID views, median were 1.20 (0.90–2.20) mGy and 1.40 (0.97–3.74) mGy for CC and MLO views, respectively. Median MGD for the whole examination of women with breast implants was 9.60 (7.92–12.07) mGy, ranging from 6.25 to 21.50 mGy. When comparing MGD median for standard and ID views it was found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), with higher doses for the standard views due to the greater compressed breast thickness in these views. It was observed that, in the standard views, MGD decreases with increasing breast thickness due to the manual radiographic techniques used to expose the women. It was also observed that implant position does not affect MGD in breast augmentation mammography. Conclusion: Mammography of women with mammary implants gives higher radiation doses when compared with those without implants. For more accurate dose assessment in augmented breast mammography, it is necessary that specific conversion factors for the calculation of MGD based on air kerma at entrance of breasts with implants are made available.
Introduction: Mammography screening has been the best method for detecting early tumors and reducing breast cancer mortality according to different studies. In Brazil, the number of women who undergo mammography tests by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) has been far below international recommendations. Objective: To describe the number of mammographies, mammography coverage, and the amount spent on this exam during 2019 by SUS, in Brazil. Method: Ecological study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System and the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics in order to verify the number of mammographies performed by the SUS concerning the Brazilian female population in Brazil, in the age group of 50 to 69 years, in the states and in macro-regions during 2019. Results: In 2019, 2,660,469 mammographies were performed in the country out of the expected total of 12,154,979, accounting for a 21.9% mammography coverage by SUS at the cost of BRL 117,841,231.97. The lowest coverage rates were verified in the states of Amapá (0.6%) and the Federal District (4.9%), whereas the best rates were found in the states of Paraná (29.7%) and Alagoas (29.6%). Conclusions: The number of mammographies performed in Brazil in 2019 by SUS corresponded to almost ¼ of the country’s need, with mammography coverage far below the target and being widely different among the many Brazilian states
OBJETIVO: Os autores se propõem a revisar os exames de trânsito do delgado, a fim de demonstrar os principais diagnósticos e achados radiológicos, e o atual benefício para o paciente. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo realizado a partir de levantamento de exames realizados no período de janeiro/2001 a junho/2002, no serviço de radiologia do Hospital Santa Cruz da Beneficência Portuguesa de Niterói. RESULTADOS: Do total de 60 exames, 24 (40,0%) apresentaram alterações radiológicas (anatômicas, enterites, divertículos, relacionadas a cirurgias e outras) e 36 (60,0%) foram normais. Observamos que 36 pacientes (60,0%) tinham entre 35 e 65 anos incompletos, apenas dois (3,32%) eram menores de 18 anos e o paciente mais idoso tinha 87 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do advento da endoscopia para a avaliação do trato gastrintestinal superior e inferior, o uso do estudo contrastado do intestino delgado se manteve como método de escolha para avaliação do duodeno, jejuno e íleo. Sabe-se que o trânsito do delgado é a principal técnica diagnóstica para o estudo deste órgão e importante para o estudo das enterites, além de ser um exame de fácil execução e de alta sensibilidade. Dessa forma, estamos reforçando a sua importância diagnóstica e devemos ter em mente que o exame do trato gastrintestinal superior é complementar, devendo considerar suas limitações e vantagens.
Na mamografia de mulheres com implantes mamários, além das quatro incidências padrões, são necessárias mais quatro com o deslocamento posterior do gel de silicone. Nesta prática radiográfica, a grandeza dosimétrica relacionada ao risco de câncer radioinduzido na mama é a dose glandular média (DG), obtida a partir do kerma no ar incidente (Ki) e do coeficiente de conversão dose glandular normalizada (DgN) entre estas grandezas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (a) investigar o comportamento do coeficiente DgN em mamas de diversas espessuras com implantes de volumes variados por meio do software MCNPX; e (b) avaliar o impacto dos novos coeficientes DgN na estimativa da DG para a mamografia de uma amostra de 40 mulheres com implantes. Para tal, foram simuladas mamas com e sem implantes, compostas de uma mistura homogênea de 50% tecido adiposo e 50% tecido glandular envolta em uma camada de tecido adiposo de 0,5 cm de espessura, expostas a feixes de raios X típicos de mamografia gerados com altas voltagens de 28 a 32 kV e combinação alvo/filtro Mo/Mo. Os coeficientes DgN calculados para as mamas sem implante para um feixe de raios X de camada semirredutora 0,33 mm Al apresentaram erro médio de 6,1% em relação aos obtidos na literatura, validando o modelo desenvolvido. Para as mamas com implantes, DgN apresentou valores decrescentes em relação ao aumento da sua espessura e valores crescentes em relação ao aumento do raio do implante que variaram de 2% a 42%. Doses glandulares médias totais (DG total) calculadas para o exame completo de 40 mulheres com implantes mamários apresentaram aumento médio de 7,2% (variando entre 0 e 18%) quando comparadas com o modelo de Dance, que não inclui o implante. Isso indica que DgN específicos devem ser disponibilizados para estimativas realísticas de DG em mamografia de mulheres com implantes
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.