Long-term successional dynamics of an inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the maize rhizosphere (from traditionally managed agroecosystems in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico), was followed in Bracchiaria comata trap cultures for almost eight years. The results indicate that AMF diversity is lost following long-term subculturing of a single plant host species. Only the dominant species, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, persisted in pot cultures after 13 cycles. The absence of other morphotypes was demonstrated by an 18S rDNA survey, which confirmed that the sequences present solely belonged to C. etunicatum. Members of Diversisporales were the first to decrease in diversity, and the most persistent species belonged to Glomerales.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play an important role in soil improvement, leading to the enhanced growth and yield of the host plants. The diversity, abundance, and richness of AMFs were evaluated in eight coffee plantations (Coffea arabica L.) with different erosion degrees. The results indicated that 26 AMFs morphotypes scattered across four genera were recovered and included five species. Funneliformis species were the most dominant representatives of the total isolates followed by Claroideoglomus, Rhizoglomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Glomus, Diversispora, Septoglomus, and Scutellospora. The highest diversity and richness were found in non-eroded agroecosystems, followed by sites with a minimum erosion, and the lowest values were reported within the highly eroded agroecosystems. These results suggest that eroded soil affects AMF fungi, creating the need to carry out studies that allow for the implementation of cultural practices where biodiversity and soil are preserved.
El quitosano, es un compuesto de origen natural con propiedades promotoras de la nutrición, el crecimiento y rendimiento de los cultivos, por lo que se ha considerado como un bioestimulante. Sus particulares mecanismos de acción le permiten actuar como regulador del crecimiento, acelerador de la germinación de las semillas, el vigor de las plantas y el rendimiento agrícola. El presente trabajo se desarrolló en condiciones semicontroladas sobre un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de quitosano (150, 200, 250 y 300 mg L-1) sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento, calidad del fruto y contenido de nutrientes en plantas de tomate variedad Floradade. Los resultados demuestran que el bioproducto ejerce un efecto estimulante sobre las variables: altura de la planta, racimos con frutos, frutos por planta, diámetro ecuatorial y polar del fruto, diámetro del pericarpio y masa del fruto. La concentración de 300 mg L-1, incremento significativamente los valores en todas las variables evaluadas con respecto al tratamiento control. Sin embargo, en los indicadores de calidad del fruto, existió una ligera tendencia a mejorar la variable acidez con la aplicación del bioestimulante y el resto de las variables organolépticas y nutricionales evaluadas no sufrieron alteraciones notables incluso cuando fueron usadas las dosis más altas de quitosano.
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