The aim of this study was to understand the underlying context of the countryside education according to the teachers in the municipality of Itapuranga-GO, as well as retrospective analysis of the closure of the countryside schools and the number of enrollments. Data collection included application of a questionnaire about teachers' conceptions and concepts regarding the structure, transportation, professional training and transformations in education in the school of the countryside in which they work. The survey with the teachers was carried out in August 2017 and the search for the number of enrollments and schools was carried out on the databases of QEdu and IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Municipality of Itapuranga has two rural municipal schools, the Betel Municipal School and Serra Dourada Municipal School, containing 08 and 03 teachers, respectively. Only 09 teachers agreed to participate in this study, being 5 of the female and 4 of the male gender. The age of teachers varied from 30 to 50 years. They all have degrees in areas such as Pedagogy, Letters (English), Mathematics and/or History, and only has a complementary course in the field of countryside school, which is in Family Farming. It was verified that the management model, the contents, the projects and the training of teachers of the countryside schools of the municipality follow the same Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) of the urban schools and that there is not an effort of the state and the professionals to adapt the rural schools within established principles.

The species Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium jambos, belong to the family Myrtaceae and are popularly known, respectively, by jambolan, red jambo and yellow jambo. These species are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, asthma, bronchitis, diuresis, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, properties antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and several other uses. The objective of this work is to identify and quantify the volatile compounds in the leaves of S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos. The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was possible to identify 44 compounds present in the volatile oils of the leaves, being 20 compounds of S. cumini, 9 compounds of S. malaccense and 15 compounds of S. jambos. The major compounds present in the species S. cumini were α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene; for the species S. malaccense were aristolochene, γ-himachalene and δ-amorphene; and for S. jambos species were β-cariophyllene, (E,E)-α-farnesene and cariophyllene alcohol. The species S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos showed considerable differences in terms of volatile compounds, it is important to know their constituents in order to promote further studies focused on their medicinal potential.

Siparuna guianensis Aubl., known as “negramina”, “capitu”, is a small tree used for headaches, colds, fevers, as a healing agent, insect, and tick repellents. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and seasonal variability of essential oils from the leaves of S. guianensis. Botanical material was collected in Monte do Carmo, Tocantins, Brazil. The powder from the leaves was submitted to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, and the identification of the compounds was performed by GC-MS. In volatile oils, 21.32% to 55.44% of sesquiterpenes, 19.95 to 49.73% of oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 0.48 to 1.55% of oxygenated monoterpenes, 0 to 5.67% of monoterpene hydrocarbons were identified, 0 to 48.2% of other compounds. The major compounds were γ-muurolene (13.99 to 35.97%), Curzerene (7.22-19.15%), Curzerenone (7.3-18.13%), 2-undecanone (3.99- 10.63%). The presence of two clusters was verified: cluster I, discriminated by the compounds Curzerenone, β-selinene, δ-elemene, corresponding to the months with the lowest index, and cluster II, discriminated by the β-burbonene, corresponding to the months with the highest index rainfall index. Comparing the present study with data from the literature, it is concluded that S. guianensis presents great chemical variability, which can be explained by genetic factors, seasonality, light, temperature, which can alter the production of metabolites. As S. guianensis has broad therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial and promising larvicidal activity, there is a need for agronomic studies to obtain specimens that require more interesting chemical components for the pharmaceutical industry. This study is the first carried out with oils from leaves collected in Monte do Carmo, Tocantins, Brazil.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato, frações e punicalagina purificada da casca do fruto da romã, das variedades granada e wonderful, frente a Staphylococcus Coagulase Positivo (SCP) e Staphylococcus Coagulase Negativa (SCN), isoladas de vacas com mastite. As cascas dos frutos de romã foram secas em estufa, moídas e o extrato etanólico foi preparado por maceração e percolação. As frações foram obtidas por fracionamento líquido-líquido, e a purificação da punicalagina realizada em coluna cromatográfica preenchida com Diaion® HP-20. CLAE e RMN (1H e 13C -Acetona-d6) foram utilizados para identificação, quantificação e elucidação estrutural da punicalagina e a CIM (CLSI-M7A10) foi determinada para 23 isolados clínicos. O teor de punicalagina foi maior no extrato e frações da variedade granada, chegando a 81,5% na amostra de punicalagina purificada, que apresentou boa atividade antimicrobiana frente aos isolados clínicos, com ênfase para S. aureus e S. schleiferi schleiferi, onde a CIM foi de 31,75 μg/mL. Desta forma. a punicalagina foi definida como importante metabólito para o potencial antimicrobiano dos frutos de P. granatum contudo, o sinergismo dos metabolitos das frações acetato de etila e fração aquosa da variedade granada, teve considerável importância para a boa atividade antimicrobiana dessas frações, frente a 100% dos SCP e SCN. Assim, os resultados obtidos confirmam a atividade antimicrobiana dos metabólitos presentes na casca da romã, podendo fundamentar novas pesquisas de formulações farmacêuticas baseadas em P. granatum, como alternativa para o tratamento, prevenção e controle da mastite.