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The purpose of this study to evaluate the effects of combination 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% Lactobacillus acidophilus on egg yolk cholesterol, High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in hens. Methods: this research using completely randomized design. Sixty layers were randomized into three treatments, each treatment contains four replicates and each replicates contains five hens. Twenty five week-old Isa Brown layers were fed without probiotic (T0), 0.1% antibiotic growth promoters (T1), 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% L. acidophilus (T2) for 30 days. Result: the result showed that there was a significant difference between the control and all treatment groups on egg yolk cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Supplementation of 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% L. acidophilus probiotic decreased the egg yolk cholesterol and LDL (p<0.05) and increased HDL in egg yolk (p<0.05) levels. The lowest egg yolk cholesterol and LDL by supplementation 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% L. acidophilus probiotic (155.86 and 48.46 mg/dL) respectively, compared the control (224.0200 and 58.6300 mg/dL) and the highest egg yolk HDL by supplementation of 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% L. acidophilus probiotic (50.00 mg/dL) compared the control treatment (41.5900 mg/dL). The conclusion of this study was the supplementation of 0.5% Bifidobacterium sp.+0.5% L. acidophilus could improve egg yolk quality of hens.

AbstrakResistensi parasit P. falciparum dan penurunan efikasi terhadap artemisinin mengakibatkan masalah malaria menjadi semakin kompleks. Hal ini menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di dunia yang belum dapat diselesaikan sampai saat ini karena belum ada obat baru pengganti artemisinin. Penelitian ini untuk membuktikan bahwa paparan obat antimalaria artemisinin berulang in vitro dapat menyebabkan perubahan profil fenotipik P. falciparum galur Papua 2300. Phenotypic Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Papua 2300 Strain Exposed to in Vitro Antimalarial Artemisinin AbstractThe presence of the P. falciparum resistance and decreased of efficacy against artemisinin and its derivatives result in increasingly complex malaria issues. Malaria has become one of the currently unresolved world's health problems due to the lack of new artemisinin replacement drugs. This study aimed to provide evidence that the repeated exposure of in vitro artemisinin may cause a change in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain phenotypic. This study was conducted during the period of February to November 2013 in Biomedics Brawijaya University and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University. A post-test control only experimental design was used.In vitro cultures of P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain were treated by repeated artemisin in IC 50 concentration and were observed for their viability and IC 50 using probit analysis. The control group did not show any changes after IC 50 value and PO1 treatment. An increase in IC 50 value was occurred after PO2. Repeated exposures of artemisinin in PO2, PO3, and PO4 had shorter viability periods than PO1. The viability of was stable after PO3 in this group. In conclusion, repeated exposures of artemisinin influence changes in IC 50 value and viability period of P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain. [MKB. 2015;47(1):1-9]

Background and Aim: Antibiotics have been used as growth promoters in poultry. However, continuous and long-term antibiotics can cause resistance, suppress the immune system, and accumulate toxic residue. To overcome these problems, feed additives that are safe for livestock and health for humans are needed, including probiotics. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, and Bifidobacterium spp.) and Moringa oleifera extract on performance (body weight gain, body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio [FCR]), carcass yield (carcass weight and percentage of carcass) and mortality of Peking duck. Materials and Methods: This study used 48 Peking ducks, divided into four treatments and six replications. Each replication consisted of two ducks. The treatments were as follows: T0=control, T1=4 mL containing 1.2×108 CFU/mL of probiotic in drinking water, T2=4 mL containing M. oleifera extract in drinking water, and T3=2 mL containing 1.2×108 CFU/mL of probiotic in drinking water+2 mL containing M. oleifera extract in drinking water. The probiotics consist of L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. lactis, and Bifidobacterium spp. The data were statistically analyzed through analysis of variance. For the follow-up test, a multiple range test was conducted. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between body weight, feed intake, and mortality treatments. By contrast, control and treatment showed a significant difference (p<0.05) on feed efficiency, FCR, body weight gain, carcass weight, and percentage of carcass weight. Results of body weight gain statistics showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0 and T1, but T0 and T1 showed a significant difference with T2 and T3. The results of the feed efficiency statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T2, but there was a significant difference between T0, T1, and T3. Feed efficiency at T2 showed no significant difference with T3, T1, and T0. The results of the FCR statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T2, but there was a significant difference between T0, T1, and T3. FCR at T2 showed no significant difference with T3, T1, and T0. The carcass weight statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0, T1, and T3, but there was a significant difference between T0 and T2. T2 showed no significant difference with T1 and T3. The carcass percentage statistic showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T0 and T1, but T0 and T1 showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with T2 and T3. Conclusion: Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the use of a combination of probiotics (L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. lactis, and Bifidobacterium spp.) and M. oleifera extract can increase the production performance of Peking ducks and is safe for ducks' health.

The aim of the study was to evaluate Lactobacillus fermentum (L.fermentum) and Moringa oleifera (M.oleifera) extract for the future development synbiotic to improve the nutrient content of rice bran fermented products to support health. The treatments are divided into 7 treatments: 1:control (without probiotic and without M.oleifera extract); 2:(1% L. fermentum); 3:(1% L. fermentum + 1% M.oleifera extract); 4:(1% L. fermentum + 2% M.oleifera extract); 5:(2% L. fermentum; 6:(2% L. fermentum + 1% M.oleifera extract); 7:(2% L. fermentum + 2% M.oleifera extract), and then incubated at 37ºC, 24 hours. Isolate L. fermentum (108 cfu/ml) which has been incubated with M. oleifera extract, then sprayed on the rice bran according to the each treatment, then incubated an aerob condition for 5 and 10 days. After the fermentation period was complete, a proximate analysis was carried out. Results: The addition of L. fermentum and M.oleifera extract could increase the crude protein content from 12.66% to 15.94% (2% L.fermentum + 2% M.oleifera extract on 5 days of fermentation), decrease crude fiber from 21.28% to 13.50% (2% L.fermentum + 1% M.oleifera extract on 5 days of fermentation), increase nitrogen free extract (NFE) from 43.81% to 51.53% (2% L.fermentum + 1% M.oleifera extract on 5 days of fermentation), increase metabolizable energy (ME) from 3006.97 kcal/kg to 3294.96 kcal/kg (1% L.fermentum + 1% M.oleifera extract, on 5 days of fermentation). The addition of 1% and 2% L.fermentum as probiotic and 1% and 2% Moringa oleifera extract as prebiotic had potential properties as synbiotic.