The article highlights some reasons commenting upon the lack of consensus in the scientific research involving the ideology of Kemalism and the reform period of 1920-1930 in the Republic of Turkey. This was largely due to both factors the inability to systematize the reforms and the reluctance of the ruling circles to create structure to the ideology of Kemalism. The comparative historical methodology was used as the leading approach to the study of this problem, because it is exactly the method which gives the opportunity to compare the interpretation of the term "Kemalism" in different historical and political contexts. The results suggest that the ideology of Kemalism is more than the sum of political practices, and is a vector directed to the creation of the modern national state.

The relevance of the studied problem is defined by that role which the theater and the press of the Volga region province of the beginning of the XX century played in formation of a social and political position of the population of the region. The article reveals the place and a role of the creative intellectuals in society and its relation to revolutionary events in the country through newspaper journalism, on the example of M. Gorky's creativity. The research is purposed to show change of public consciousness in the province and the theater during revolution under the influence of various social and political forces this found the reflection in periodicals; and thus to promote formation of fuller picture of historical and cultural life of the country. Materials of article can be used in educational process, during creation of the generalizing works on history and cultural history of Russia, special courses, in educational work with children and youth, at adoption of administrative decisions in the welfare sphere.

The relevance of this paper is due to the multicultural nature of the Russian state and the significant role of religion in the contemporary socio-cultural and political processes taking place in the country. The knowledge and analysis of the history of the relationship between government and religion in Russia in general and in its individual regions will undoubtedly contribute to a more objective understanding of the fundamental aspects of the contemporary religious situation in Russia, since many problems in this field are now, in many cases, conditioned by a certain specificity or distortions in the state's policy toward religion -in the past. In this regard, the chronological scope of the research -the ambiguous and in many respects contradictory period of the Khrushchev's "thaw" -has a great scientific and applied interest in the problems under study. The administrative and geographic scope of the study is limited to the territory of the Tatar ASSR -a region traditionally formed as multi-confessional. At the same time, the processes that took place in the religious sphere of the Tatar ASSR in many respects were characteristic of many other multicultural regions of the Soviet state. The objective of the paper is to identify the factors that conditioned the survival and functioning of religious associations of the republic under the dominating atheistic ideology and strengthening of the anti-religious administrative pressure of the state in the contradictory period of the Khrushchev's "thaw".

No abstract