Introduction: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells that cover the nasopharynx. NPC is a rare malignancy in children. The incidence of NPC varies by age, geographical and ethnic factors which indicate both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the tumor growth. NPC in children has several features different from adults. Objective: To assess characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents  in dr. Zainoel Abidin general hospital Banda Aceh from 2014-2019. Methods: The study was conducted in dr. Zainoel Abidin general hospital Banda Aceh. This study is a descriptive with cross sectional retrospective design. The data collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2014-September 2019. The variable including regional distribution, gender, age (between 0-25 years), histopathologic types, stage and chemotherapy regimen used. The sampling was done by total sampling method. Results: The result showed that there was 17 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents with the highest case came from Bireuen and North Aceh district 3 (17.7%) patients, respectively. South Aceh and West Aceh distric 2 (11.8%) patients, respectively. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma mostly infected 9 (53%) male patients than 8 (47%) female with a sex ratio of 1.1 : 1. The age most affected is at the end of childhood between 17-25 years had 9 (53%) patients and between 12-16 years had 8 (47%) patients with the average age range was 17.2 years (range 13-22 years). Most of histopathologic types had found in the type of undifferentiated carcinoma (WHO type III) as many as 7 (41.1%) patients with stage IV being the most frequent 9 (53%) patients. The most widely used chemotherapy regimen is a combination of Cisplatin and Docetaxel with 10 (62.5%) patients. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children generally occur at the end of childhood with the most common type of undifferentiated carcinoma (WHO type III) and stage IV which associated with advanced locoregional disease and higher rates of distant metastasis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. In Indonesia, NPC is the 4th most prevalent. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma stage IVB as distant metastasis. The therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is Chemoradiotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is either an established treatment modality or actively being investigated. Chemoradiotherapy have demonstrated decreased incidence of distant metastases compared with radiation only, however only if its treatment done completely. Here we present a rare case of unfinished chemoradiotherapy that caused metastases nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient. A 41-years-old consulted to ENT-HN department with main complaints of progressive cancer pain for 3 month and got worse in past 1 month. Patient also complaints for the pain at the waist, chest and headache currently. However, there was formal history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for this patient since 2019 that had been treated with 3 cycles of chemotherapy and 26 cycles of radiotherapy. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma post chemotherapy and radiotherapy with metastatic process. Unfortunately, the treatment underwent was not complete. A nasopharyngeal biopsy was performed and the histopathology result revealed a non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma nasopharynx. Lumbar CT-scan showed distant metastatic to lumbar vertebrae I-V. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a rare disease that showed as carcinoma that appears in the nasopharynx. The unfinished treatment of NPC leads to recurrent NPC and metastatic process to lumbar vertebrae I-V. Nevertheless, 20% of patients are radioresistant and experience a recurrence, which in most cases manifests with distant metastases.

Background: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a primary malignancy in the lymphatic system and extranodal lymphoid tissue originating from B lymphocyte cells, T lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells. The incidence of NHL continues to increase with various characteristics. Objective: To find out the characteristics of NHL sufferers undergoing treatment in Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital (RSUDZA), Banda Aceh from January 2015 to December 2018. Method: This was an observational descriptive study conducted at Banda Aceh RSUDZA using retrospective secondary data collection from medical records that met the inclusion criteria, in total sampling method. Result: Found 32 research subjects, dominantly male (20), the highest age range was 56-65 years (10). The main complaints were neck lumps (10) and oropharynx lumps (11). The most common NHL was from B lymphocyte cells (6). The chemotherapy regimens used are cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). The most frequent side effects are anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and leukopenia. Conclusion: The results showed that NHL was most common in men with an increased incidence in the fifth decade. Neck lumps are the most common complaint. The chemotherapy regimen used is CHOP and R-CHOP.Keywords : Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, chemotherapy ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Limfoma Non-Hodgkin (LNH) adalah keganasan primer pada sistem limfatik dan jaringan limfoid ekstranodal yang berasal dari sel limfosit B, limfosit T atau sel natural killer (NK). Kejadian LNH terus meningkat dengan berbagai karakteristik. Tujuan: Melihat karakteristik penderita LNH yang menjalani pengobatan di Departemen THT-KL RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA), Banda Aceh pada periode Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2018. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pengambilan data sekunder secara retrospektif dari rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan metode total sampling. Hasil: Didapatkan total subjek penelitian 32 orang, dominan pada lakilaki (20), rentang usia tertinggi antara 56-65 tahun (10). Keluhan utama terbanyak adalah benjolan di leher (10) dan benjolan orofaring (11). LNH yang berasal dari sel limfosit B paling banyak dijumpai (6). Regimen kemoterapi yang digunakan adalah cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) dan rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Efek samping paling sering adalah anemia, hipoalbuminemia dan leukopenia. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LNH paling sering pada laki-laki dengan angka kejadian meningkat pada dekade kelima. Keluhan yang paling sering adalah benjolan di leher. Regimen kemoterapi yang digunakan adalah CHOP dan R-CHOP.

Tonsilar carcinoma is the most common squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils that presents as ulcerated lesions on a necrotic basis. These tumors often appear at an advanced stage and often metastasize to the lymph nodes. In recent years, head and neck malignancies due to HPV infection have increased. Other causes of carcinoma of the tonsils are smoking and alcohol abuse. The overall incidence of tonsillar carcinoma increase in the younger population, and this may be associated with an increase of human papilloma virus infection. Tonsil carcinoma varies in clinical history. In the early stages, tonsilar carcinoma are asymptomatic, but at an advanced stages patients might have complaint of a persistent sore throat, unilateral otalgia, or a sensation of mass in the throat, bleeding from the mouth, fetor oris with trismus as a sign of a local invasion. The diagnosis of tonsilar carcinoma made based on history, physical examination, clinical symptoms, and supporting examinations such as of CT scan, MRI and tumor tissue biopsy. Management of tonsilar carcinoma for stage I-II and stage III (T1-2, N1) are local and regional radiotherapy to achieve a good effect. Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality in early-stage of tonsillar carcinoma. concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the standard treatment for advanced tonsillar carcinoma currently. chemotherapy can be given before radiotherapy or as neoadjuvant, given after radiotherapy or as adjuvant, or given concurrently with radiotherapy.