Our study not only improves our knowledge of the intricate signaling network regulating maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype, but also contributes to improved chondrocyte expansion and chondrogenic performance for cell therapy.

A miniaturized common-mode filter composed of multiple substrates with positive and negative coils formed on alternate substrates is proposed in this paper. The pattern of each positive coil is interlaced with that of each negative coil, whereby when the positive and negative coils are alternately stacked, the positive coil do not overlap the negative coil. With such offset configuration, the parasitic capacitance introduced between positive and negative traces is reduced, so the thickness of each substrate can be decreased and the size of the entire filter is effectively reduced. Good agreements between simulated and measured results are demonstrated. Further, the effectiveness of this filter is confirmed by eye diagram and radiation emission measurements.

Use of resistive sheet boundary condition in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of scattering problems involving resistively coated dielectric object is described. The algorithm is introduced through an analysis of E-polarized scattering from a thin resistive strip. For the sheetIn the following, the analysis technique is first derived for a two-dimensional E-polarized scattering problem of a thin resistive strip. The numerical stability issue of the method is also discussed. The FDTD technique is validated by COmparresistance R = qZo /Z with 2, being the intrinsic impedance of vacuum, numerical experiments indicate that algorithm stability is ensured in all cases if 6t is chosen according to cqbt 5 6. Validity of the resultant FDTD method is verified in a comparison of computed E-polarized scattering data for several resistive strips with existing data. New results on the E-polarized scattering behavior of resistively coated dielectric strip as a function of surface resistances and angle of incidence are also presented. Finally, extension to the If-polarized case and application of the present method to pulsed problems are briefly discussed.

No abstract

This paper presents an in-situ storage topology for ultra-high-speed burst mode imagers, enabling low noise operation while keeping a high frame depth. The proposed pixel architecture contains a 4T pinned photodiode, a correlated double sampling (CDS) amplification stage, and an in-situ memory bank. Focusing on the sampling noise, the system level trade-off of the proposed pixel architecture is discussed, showing its advantages on the noise, power, and scaling capability. Integrated with an AC coupling CDS stage, the amplification is obtained by exploiting the strong capacitance to the voltage relation of a single NMOS transistor. A comprehensive noise model is developed for optimizing the trade-off between the area and noise. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype imager with a 30 µm pixel pitch was fabricated in a CMOS 130 nm technology. A 108-cell memory bank is implemented allowing dense layout and parallel readout. Two types of CDS amplification stages were investigated. Despite the limited memory capacitance of 10 fF/cell, the photon transfer curves of both pixel types were measured over different operation speeds up to 20 Mfps showing a noise performance of 8.4 e−.