Background: There have been few reports of mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is associated with sudden cardiac death caused by HCM. This study aimed to screen the mutation sites in the sarcomeric gene MYH7 in Chinese patients with HCM. We also planned to analyze the pathogenicity of the mutation site as well as its significance in clinical and forensic medicine. Methods: From January 2006 to June 2017, autopsy cases were collected from the Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The experiment was to detect MYH7 gene status in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 18 independent autopsy cases who suffered HCM related sudden death (fatal HCM) and 20 cases without cardiomyopathy. Common mutation exon fragments of MYH7 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The end-of-deoxygenation method and gene cloning method were further performed to analyze the mutation sites. Homologous comparison among mutant sites was conducted using BLAST online database. Results: The 1336th nucleotide of MYH7 gene at exon 14 was converted from T to G in one HCM case, resulting in the conversion of threonine (Thr) at position 446 to proline (Pro). In another case, the 1402th nucleotide at exon 14 was converted from T to C, resulting in the conversion of phenylalanine (Phe) at position 468 to leucine (Leu). Homologous comparison results showed that the two amino acid residues of Thr446 and Phe468 are highly conserved among different species. Conclusions: Our results showed fatal HCM harbored mutations of Thr446Pro and Phe468Leu in the MYH7 gene. It is significant for clinical and forensic medicine to further explore the functions and detailed mechanisms of these mutations.

BackgroundAccording to current research, the objective response rate and overall survival of pembrolizumab in the treatment of several types of solid tumors have been significantly improved. Some high-quality clinical trials have studied the effect of applying pembrolizumab in treating cervical cancer. Multiple clinical trials have been conducted, and some of them have shown good results as expected. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis on existing studies to reveal the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in treating cervical cancer.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for literatures published until October 31, 2021. Outcomes included complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), disease progression (PD), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), the best time to response (TTR), death rate, adverse events (AE).ResultsA total of 7 studies with 727 patients were included. The results were as follows: CR (0.027, 95%CI: 0.008-0.053), PR (0.104, 95% CI: 0.074-0.145), SD (0.190, 95% CI: 0.149-0.240), PD (0.541, 95% CI: 0.421-0.661). ORR was 0.155 (95% CI: 0.098-0.236) and DCR was 0.331 (95% CI: 0.277-0.385). OS was 10.23 months (95% CI: 8.96-11.50) and PFS was 4.27 months (95% CI: 1.57-6.96). TTR was 2.10 months (95%CI: 1.69-2.51). The 1-year death rate was 0.388 (95% CI: 0.230-0.574). Main adverse events included abnormal liver function, hypothyroidism, neutropenia, anemia, decreased appetite, fatigue, fever, etc. The total incidence of the adverse events of grade 3 and above was 0.212 (95% CI: 0.065-0.509).ConclusionsPembrolizumab provides significant benefits in response rate and survival for cervical cancer patients. The results from recent high-quality clinical trials are expected to validate these findings.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021291723.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a therapy-resistant and lethal form of prostate cancer as well as a therapeutic challenge. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been proved as a promising molecular target for optimizing the theranostics for CRPC patients. When combined with PSMA radiotracers, novel molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) can provide more accurate and expedient identification of metastases when compared with conventional imaging techniques. Based on the PSMA-based PET scans, the accurate visualization of local and disseminative lesions may help in metastasis-directed therapy. Moreover, the combination of 68Ga-labeled PSMA-based PET imaging and radiotherapy using PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) becomes a novel treatment option for CRPC patients. The existing studies have demonstrated this therapeutic strategy as an effective and well-tolerated therapy among CRPC patients. PSMA-based PET imaging can accurately detect CRPC lesions and describe their molecular features with quantitative parameters, which can be used to select the best choice of treatments, monitor the response, and predict the outcome of RLT. This review discussed the current and potential role of PSMA‐based imaging and RLT in the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of prognosis of CRPC.