in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).On the analogy of the water-using networks with single contaminant, we will introduce new methodology concepts: the concentration potentials of the demand streams and those of the source streams in the water-using systems with multiple contaminants, based on the overall allocation possibility of the source streams to the demand streams. In the design procedure, the performing order of the processes is determined by the inlet concentration potentials of the processes. The processes with the lowest inlet concentration potential will be performed first. When satisfying the inlet stream of the process being performed, the source with the largest quasi-allocation amount, which is defined in this article, will be used first. A few literature examples are investigated to show the method proposed. The results show that the method proposed in this work is very simple and the freshwater consumptions of the designs obtained are very close to the minimum freshwater targets.

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