3D-IPS/DFFT is an extension of the three dimensional Isotropic Periodic Sum (3D-IPS) for evaluation of electrostatic and Lennard-Jones interactions in heterogeneous systems; it utilizes a discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) for efficient calculation of the IPS potential with a large local region radius. The method is demonstrated to be highly accurate for simple bulk fluids, liquid/liquid and liquid/vapor interfaces, and lipid bilayers and monolayers. Values for rC (the cutoff distance for direct evaluation of pairs) and RC (the local region radius) equal to 10 Å and twice the longest edge of the periodic cell, respectively, provide excellent efficiency and accuracy. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) monolayers simulated with the CHARMM (Chemistry at HARvard Molecular Mechanics) C27r lipid parameter set and 3D-IPS/DFFT yield surface tensions approximately 8 dyn/cm higher than those simulated using Particle Mesh Ewald (PME), and with experiment. In contrast, surface tensions for DMPC bilayers are 16 dyn/cm/leaflet with both 3D-IPS/DFFT (rC = 10 and 12 Å) and PME (rC = 12 Å). This indicates that PME (rC = 12 Å) may be used for simulations of bilayers, but not monolayers, and that the large bilayer surface tension arising from C27r is incorrect.

Synopsis The approach to breast cancer screening has changed over time from a blanket approach to a more personalized, risk-based approach. Women with dense breasts, one of the most prevalent risk factors, are now being informed that they are at increased risk of developing breast cancer and to consider supplemental screening beyond mammography. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the impact of breast density relative to other known risk factors, the evidence regarding supplemental screening for women with dense breasts, a description of supplemental screening options, and recommendations for physicians having shared decision-making discussions with women who have dense breasts.

Family and internal medicine physicians, whose societies adhered to 2009 USPSTF recommendations for biennial screening starting at age 50 years, showed statistically significant decreases in mammography referral rates over time. Obstetricians and gynecologists, whose society continued to recommend annual screening starting at age 40 years, showed no statistically significant change in mammography referral rates over time. Physicians may be influenced by their own society's recommendations, which may influence their shared decision-making discussions with patients.

A standardized contrast reaction management checklist can reduce the number of treatment errors that occur during a simulated severe contrast reaction, particularly with regard to proper administration of epinephrine and treatment of bronchospasm. Such a checklist could be used by radiologists, technologists, and nurses to improve patient safety as a result of improved contrast reaction management and teamwork skills.