Private sector participation in the healthcare market via public-private partnership (PPP) could be considered an available approach to narrow down the medical resource gap and improve the operational efficiency of healthcare facilities. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the influence and relative importance among critical factors for the intention and behaviour of the private sector towards participation in Chinese healthcare market (CHM) via PPP. We defined five hypotheses from previous literature and built a theoretical model based on modified theory of planned behaviour. Then, covariance-based structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the questionnaires provided by 248 respondents from construction companies, real estate developers, pharmaceutical companies, private hospitals, asset management companies, and medical industry property investment companies in China. Results indicated that attitude towards behaviour (β = 0.466, P<0.001), subjective norm (β = 0.167, P<0.05), perceived behavioural control (β = 0.231, P<0.01), and facilitating conditions (β = 0.305, P<0.001) are positively significant to behavioural intention; behavioural intention also shows a strong linkage with behaviour (β = 0.931, P<0.001). Findings provide reference for governments and public authorities to exert additional efforts in implementing appropriate measures that will stimulate the private sector’s motivation to participate in CHM via PPP.
In governing public–private partnerships (PPPs), transferring control rights to the private sectors and building trust among partners are recognized as solutions to improve efficiency and adaptability. However, what contexts would fit into the adoption of these solutions remains unclear. Building on the relevant literature on project attributes and project environments, this article divides the context into several crucial factors: asset specificity, project publicness, institutional completeness, market maturity, and regulatory quality. A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted on 1378 PPP projects in developing countries to examine the contexts that support the outcomes of private control and trust. Six causal paths created by a mix of contextual conditions are found to be sufficient for the outcomes, to which certain factors make unique contributions. Knowledge of these paths and context configurations can help to match the context to the considered governance solutions, thereby contributing to successful PPP governance.
Credit is regarded as a key factor to maintain the sustainability of cooperation between public authorities and social capitals in Government-Pay Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. The credit default of local public sectors has become a formidable force to cause termination in several cases. The study aims to explore the critical conditions and main logics behind opportunistic behaviours through literature analysis. In this research, political performance, fiscal illusion, subjective willingness, and objective limitation are identified as four certain conditions. Additionally, the crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) method is applied to determine the connections between conditions and the credit default in the Chinese Government-Pay PPP projects according to 15 cases from the field of ecological construction. Consequently, two combinations with complete sufficiency leading to severe extent of credit default are categorized. The configuration of political performance and fiscal illusion is dominant, thereby causing severe extent of credit default in the preimplementation link. Correspondingly, the configuration of subjective willingness, objective limitation, and nonpolitical performance is crucial in the implementation and postimplementation links. Moreover, fiscal illusion alone could be totally sufficient to lead to a termination. This research not only enriches the theoretical system on credit default of public authorities in Government-Pay PPP projects but also provides reference for all participants to forecast the potential risks especially the credit default in PPP projects.
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