The ongoing COVID‐19 epidemic has made a huge impact on health, economies, and societies all over the world. Although RT‐PCR‐based nucleic acid detection has been primarily used in the diagnosis of COVID‐19, it is time‐consuming with limited application scenarios and must be operated by qualified personnel. Antibody test, particularly point‐of‐care antibody testing, is a suitable complement to nucleic acid test as it provides rapid, portable, and cost‐effective detection of infections. In this study, a rapid antibody test kit was developed based on fluorescence immunochromatography for the sensitive, accurate, and automated detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in human serum, plasma, and whole blood samples within 10 minutes. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, and stability of the test kit were of good performance. No cross‐activity and no interference was observed. In the multiple‐center parallel study, 223 samples from hospitalized patients were used to evaluate the clinical specificity of the test. Both SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG achieved a clinical specificity of 98.21%. The clinical sensitivities of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG were 79.54% and 87.45%, respectively, among 733 RT‐PCR confirmed SARS‐Cov‐2 samples. For the combined IgM and IgG assays, the sensitivity and specificity were 89.22% and 96.86%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the combined use of IgM and IgG could serve as a more suitable alternative detection method for COVID‐19 patients, and the developed kit is of great public health significance for the prevention and control of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Quantification of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions (CEs) at fine space and time resolution is a critical need in climate change research and carbon cycle. Quantifying changes in spatiotemporal patterns of urban CEs is important to understand carbon cycle and development carbon reduction strategies. The existing spatial data of CEs have low resolution and cannot distinguish the distribution characteristics of CEs of different emission sectors. This study quantified CEs from 15 types of energy sources, including residential, tertiary, and industrial sectors in Shanghai. Additionally, we mapped the CEs for the three sectors using point of interest data and web crawler technology, which is different from traditional methods. At a resolution of 30 m, the improved CEs data has a higher spatial resolution than existing studies. The spatial distribution of CEs based on this study has higher spatial resolution and more details than that based on traditional methods, and can distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of different sectors. The results indicated that there was a consistent increase in CEs during 2000–2015, with a low rate of increase during 2009–2015. The intensity of CEs increased significantly in the outskirts of the city, mainly due to industrial transfer. Moreover, intensity of CEs reduced in city center. Technological progress has promoted the improvement of energy efficiency, and there has been a decoupling between the economic development and CEs in the city was observed during in 2000–2015.

The edge networks that are contained within individual organizations and households can be found at various locations across the Internet. Within the current Internet which is much larger and deeper, edge networks with no protection or with limited protection are invaded time and time again by malicious user. A method to protecting an edge network against intruders is referred to as perimeter security. The firewall technology is a successful adaptation of this method in the era of computer networks. This paper presents firewall technologies and basic structures.

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