Background The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents. Methods A total of 898 normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents, aged 10–18 years, were included this cross-sectional study via a cluster sampling method. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The participants were measured for blood pressure (BP) using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the "American Hypertension Education Project Working Group". Results Body composition was related to abnormal BP in normal-weight children and adolescents. After the model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking, regression analysis showed that fat mass percentage (FMP) was negatively associated with abnormal BP, while LBM was positively associated with abnormal BP in boys(P < 0.05). Whereas FMP and visceral fat level (VFL) were positively associated with abnormal BP in girls (P < 0.05). Conclusions There are sex differences in the relationships between total body fat, visceral fat and lean body mass with abnormal BP in normal-weight youths. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the relative influence of the body composition of the boys and girls in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in youths.

There is no study exploring the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adolescents. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the association between TyG index and appendicular lean mass (ALM) in Chinese adolescents. In this study, 1336 adolescents (805 boys, 60.25%) aged 12–18 years in China were randomly selected through a stratified cluster sampling. According to the tertiles of TyG index, we separated all participants into three groups, and LM was measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. The TyG index was negatively related to ALM/weight in Chinese adolescents whether stratified by gender (boys: β = − 0.293; girls: β = − 0.195; all P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, a significant correlation between the TyG index and ALM/weight was observed only in boys (β = − 0.169, P = 0.001). The highest TyG index tertile was significantly associated with low ALM/weight after adjusting for all covariates in the full sample (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.12–8.26, P = 0.029) and boys (OR = 4.68, 95% CI 1.22–17.95, P = 0.025) only in overweight/obese group. Our findings suggested elevated levels of TyG index may be a risk factor of low ALM/weight in Chinese adolescents, especially in boys.

Objective: Irisin is an exercise-regulated myokine inducing browning of white adipose tissue and has gained interest as a potential new strategy to combat type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between circulating serum irisin levels with glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese adolescents. Design and method: This cross-sectional study included 1219 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Serum irisin levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and all participants’ fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipids,including totalcholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to study the effect of irisin on glucose and lipid metabolism. Results: There were several significant negative correlations between circulating irisin and FBG (r = -0.120, P<0.001), TC(r = -0.091, P<0.001), LDL-C(r = -0.088, P = 0.002) and HDL-C(r = -0.094, P<0.001) across the study. In multivariate linear regression analysis, after controlling for potential confounders such as gender, age and BMI, irisin levels were independently associated with FBG( = -0.115, P<0.001), TC( = -0.078, P = 0.003), LDL-C( = -0.073, P = 0.005) and HDL-C(r = -0.087, P = 0.001). Conclusions: We found that serum irisin levels were inversely correlated with glucose and lipid metabolic parameters including FPG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C,suggesting that irisin may play a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism from an early age.

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Objective: To explore the relationship between skeletal mass index (SMI) and different obesity metabolic phenotypes among adolescents,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of obesity and related metabolic diseases in adolescents. Design and method: A total of 1352 adolescents aged 12-18 were randomly selected for questionnaire survey,physical measurements,body composition determination and laboratory testing. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation intensity between SMI and different metabolic phenotypes of obesity. Results: The metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) phenotype, metabolically healthy obesity(MHO) phenotype and metabolically unhealthy obesity(MUO) phenotype had lower levels of SMI compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight(MHNW) phenotype among adolescents,with all differences being statistically significant(P-values were all less than 0.001). Similar results were found after stratification by sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, SMI were protective factors for MUNW phenotype, MHO phenotype and MUO phenotype in adolescents(P-values were all less than 0.001),with the 0.86(95%CI:0.85,0.92),0.78(0.75,0.82) and 0.73(0.70,0.76) increased risks of MUNW phenotype, MHO phenotype and MUO phenotype associated with each unit rise in SMI, similar results were found after stratification by sex. Conclusions: SMI were protective factors for MUNW phenotype, MHO phenotype and MUO phenotype among adolescents. Attention should be paid to the assessment and supervision of adolescent skeletal muscle quality when prevented obesity and related metabolic risks,reducing the risk of abnormal cardiovascular metabolism in adolescents.