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This paper advances a cross-contextual understanding of authoritative socialization, a concept developed by family researchers. Using data from the High School Effectiveness Study, I use multilevel modeling to test the effect of high school socialization style on student disengagement from 10`h to 12th grades, controlling for both the sociodemographic context of schools and student characteristics. Ifind that school socialization style is differentially associated with student disengagement by 10" grade, and controlling for 10`" grade disengagement, school styles have further effects on disengagement by 12`h grade. As hypothesized, the pattern of effects replicates that found in studies of family socializationauthoritative schools have the lowest levels of disengagement and indifferent schools the highest, while authoritarian and permissive schools have moderate levels of disengagement.

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Li-ion battery (LIB) research has continuing importance for the entire range of applications from consumer products to vehicle electrification and grid stabilization. In many cases, standard electrochemical methods only provide an overall voltage or specific capacity, giving an inadequate description of parallel redox processes or chemical gradients at the particle and pack level. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is frequently used to augment bulk electrochemical data, as it provides element-specific changes in oxidation state and local atomic structure. Such microscopic descriptors are crucial for elucidating charge transfer and structural changes associated with bonding or site mixing, two key factors in evaluating state of charge and modes of cell failure. However, the impact of XAFS on LIB research has been significantly constrained by a logistical barrier: contemporary XAFS work is performed almost exclusively at synchrotron x-ray light sources, where beamtime is infrequent and experiment time-frames are limited. Here we show that modern laboratory based XAFS can not only be applied to, e.g., characterization of ex situ LIB electrode materials, but can also be used for operando studies at industrially-relevant charging rates in a standard pouch cell preparation. Such capability enables accelerated discovery of new materials and improved operation modes for LIBs.(*)