BackgroundAdherence to medication has an important role in the long-term management of diabetes. The Indonesian Endocrinologist Association found that of the 50% of the entire population who have been diagnosed with diabetes, two-thirds are undergoing therapy and only one-third have been achieving the intended outcomes of the drug therapy. This study aimed to identify patients’ adherence behavior and the root causes of non-adherence.MethodsThis study used a non-experimental mixed-methods approach. A total of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were part of the referral program of the National Health Care Security System (BPJS Kesehatan) were recruited by purposive sampling from 17 primary health care centers in Surabaya, Indonesia.ResultsThe adherence behavior assessment revealed non-adherence among 80% of the patients. The highest instances of non-adherence based on the percentage scores involved the following: patients forgot to take the medications (38.23%), patients preferred not to take the medications (20.59%) and the drug products were not available for the patient (14.71%). The factors influencing non-adherence included the complex instructions for taking medication, the absence of a reminder, the unwanted side effects of the drug, the feeling of repetition, the feeling that drugs were ineffective and the concern for the drug’s effects on the kidney.ConclusionsThe high rates of non-adherence identified in this study encourage pharmacists to implement better medication therapy management for chronic diseases. The patients’ understanding of drug therapy indications and regimens is very important in increasing the expectations of achieving effective treatment, awareness and concern for medication safety and treatment compliance.

Salah satu tujuan dalam kurikulum pendidikan farmasi adalah mempersiapkan mahasiswa agar mampu memberikan rekomendasi terkait gangguan kesehatan ringan di komunitas. Sampai saat ini, informasi terkait kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memberikan rekomendasi di Indonesia belum ditemukan dalam literatur terpublikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan ketepatan rekomendasi mahasiswa prodi apoteker di sebuah institusi pendidikan farmasi saat menghadapi permintaan swamedikasi pada kasus nyeri pinggang (low-back pain; LBP). Pengambilan data pada penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari karakteristik partisipan dan sebuah kasus LBPyang diadaptasi dari pustaka terpublikasi. Ketepatan rekomendasi ditetapkan melalui diskusi pakar dan bukti penelitian digunakan sebagai dasar dalam mendefinisikan rekomendasi yang tepat. Data karakteristik partisipan dan ketepatan rekomendasi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Total terdapat 86 partisipan terlibat dalam penelitian ini (response rate 82,69%). Sebagian besar partisipan (91,86%) memberikan rekomendasi obat, dan 61 dari antaranya merekomendasikan obat golongan anti-inflamasi non-steroid (AINS; baik oral maupun topikal). Sebanyak 70,93% partisipan memberikan rekomendasi tepat, yaitu: obat analgesik golongan AINS dan topikal counter-irritantsdengan/tanpa rekomendasi lainnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan partisipan dalam penelitian ini mampu memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat dalam menanggapi kasus LBP. Namun demikian, penelitian lanjutan untuk mengeksplorasi penyebab ketidaktepatan rekomendasi pada sebagian mahasiswa diperlukan sebagai upaya perbaikan aktivitas pembelajaran dan kurikulum pendidikan

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Medication non-adherence is one of the biggest causes of leftover medicines. Up to 50% of patients worldwide do not take their prescribed medicines as recommended. Optimising the use of medication is beneficial to improving clinical outcomes for patients with chronic disease. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, evaluate patient adherence, and identify of the patient's non-adherence behavior for oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Methods: This study using non-experimental design, with mixed-methods (explanatory sequential design). A total of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in referral program of national health care security system (BPJS Kesehatan) were included in this study from Primary Health Care in the north region of Surabaya. There are 6 domains of adherence behavior developed in this study. Results: The effectiveness of drug therapy in this study was 56,25%. About 68,75% of patients experienced to hypoglycemia and 6,25% had gastrointestinal problems caused by drug therapy. The adherence assessment found that 43,75% patients non adherence to medication. Leftover medicines found in the patient's home comes from multiple visits to health care facilities (53,12%) and patient non-adherence (37,5%). Conclusion: Follow-up evaluation as the continuous process in medication management services, led pharmacist in the strategic position to evaluates the patient's response to drug therapies in terms of effectiveness, safety, adherence and also avoiding unnecessary leftover medicines.