Mixtures of calf thymus DNA and the lysine-rich histone fraction, f-1, from the same tissue were examined under various conditions by means of circular dichroism. These DNA-histone complexes, which are a model system for chromatin, display conformational changes dependent upon solvent and upon complex composition and concentration. At moderate salt concentration (0.14 m NaF) the conservative circular dichroic spectrum of DNA becomes progressively distorted as increasing amounts of histone are added: the positive ellipticity band at 275 µ decreases, the negative band at 245 µ increases in magnitude, both bands are red * Publication No.

Irritant contact dermatitis along with an increased transepidermal water loss can result from exposing the skin to solvents. A study of the interaction of various solvents with human stratum corneum was made using thin-layer chromatography. Comparison of 10 solvents (trichloroethylene, toluene, dimethylsulfoxide, n-hexane, 1,2-propanediol, carbon tetrachloride, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, acetone, distilled water) showed that 3 solvents (dimethylsulfoxide, 1,2 propanediol, distilled water) did not extract lipids from intact human stratum corneum. The findings are discussed in relation to the visual appearance of skin (whitening) after exposure to solvents.

No abstract

Low‐dose computed tomography lung cancer screening has mortality benefits. Yet, uptake has been low. To inform strategies to better deliver and promote screening, in 2018, we interviewed 27 long‐term smokers immediately following lung cancer screening in Australia, prior to receiving scan results. Existing lung screening studies employ the Health Belief Model. Reflecting growing acknowledgement of the centrality of emotions to screening uptake, we draw on psychological and sociological theories on emotions to thematically and abductively analyse the emotional dimensions of lung cancer screening, with implications for screening promotion and delivery. As smokers, interviewees described feeling stigmatised, with female participants internalising and male participants resisting stigma. Guilt and fear related to lung cancer were described as screening motivators. The screening itself elicited mild positive emotions. Notably, interviewees expressed gratitude for the care implicitly shown through lung screening to smokers. More than individual risk assessment, findings suggest lung screening campaigns should prioritise emotions. Peer workers have been found to increase cancer screening uptake in marginalised communities, however the risk to confidentiality—especially for female smokers—limits its feasibility in lung cancer screening. Instead, we suggest involving peer consultants in developing targeted screening strategies that foreground emotions. Furthermore, findings suggest prioritising humanistic care in lung screening delivery. Such an approach may be especially important for smokers from low socioeconomic backgrounds, who perceive lung cancer screening and smoking as sources of stigma and face a higher risk of dying from lung cancer and lower engagement with screening.

A model for the structure of the stratum corneum lipids was analyzed using small angle x-ray diffractometry and optical microscopy.The small angle X-ray diffractograms showed the lipids to be partitioned in the hydrated acid/soap host layered structure between the methyl group layers. The exception is cholesterol which was entirely located in the acid/soap chains and which, in addition, attracted other compounds from the location between the methyl group layers. 371Copyright@ 1988 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.