Introduction Pregnancy is a beautiful phase in every woman's life in which she undergoes several physical and psychological transformations. The level of stress and anxiety may increase due to a sudden outbreak of contagious diseases. Objective To evaluate the psychological status of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 15, 2020, to September 15, 2020, in Dehradun, Haridwar, and Nainital districts of Uttarakhand, India. A total of 333 pregnant women were surveyed through an online platform. The psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic was measured using the Impact of Event-Revised (IES-R) scale, and anxiety levels were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The survey results revealed that around three-fourths (73.6%) of the pregnant women reported minimal psychological impact, with a mean IES-R score of 16.93±11.23, whereas 69.4% of respondents had a minimal level of anxiety, with a mean GAD-7 score of 3.09±3.73. Multivariate linear regression found a positive association between psychological impact and gestational age, occupation, religion, locality, conception, history of abortion (p<0.05). Also, the level of anxiety was significantly associated with education, occupation, monthly income, religion, marital and family support, history of mental illness (p<0.01), conception type, and awareness regarding COVID-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion Psychological impact and anxiety levels were found to be minimal in pregnant women residing in Uttarakhand. Early identification of high-risk women is important to formulate necessary strategic planning to reduce the complications associated with maternal psychological stress on developing fetus.
BackgroundThe public is hesitant about getting vaccinated for COVID-19, and a few people are still avoiding it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among rural and urban populations of the Dehradun district in Uttarakhand, India. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2021 in selected urban and rural areas of the Dehradun district, yielding 770 responses (385 from both rural and urban areas). The attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination were collected via questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsThere were no rural-urban differences in the mean score of attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination (49.22±12.89 vs 50.01 ±11.88; P=0.379). The majority of participants had a neutral to positive attitude, and very few had a negative attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination, equally in the rural and urban population. A significant positive association was found between attitude scores with COVID-19 vaccination and mortality among participant's relatives and friends in rural areas, while participant occupation and number of family members in the urban area were associated with a more positive attitude. ConclusionThese results suggest mainly neutral attitude among the rural and urban populations towards COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, it is important to design and implement innovative and efficient communication strategies to influence the neutral and offset the negative attitudes regarding vaccination drive to facilitate immunisation outreach and coverage.
Background: The extensive spread of Covid-19 pandemic globally became the main cause of concern for everyone, including security officers working in a health care setting. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of instructional module for Covid-19 prevention among hospital security officers. Methods and Materials: A preexperimental study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from North India. A total of 344 security officers were selected by the convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge and practice questionnaires and instructional module were developed based on the guidelines released by World Health Organization, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Knowledge and practice were pretested, followed by the implementation of a video cum discussion instructional module for Covid-19 prevention. A posttest of knowledge and practice assessment was done after 7 days by using the same questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compute and analyse the data. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.5 ± 2.25; mos participants (75%) were male security officers. Knowledge and practice scores improved after the implementation of instructional module as mean scores of pretest to mean posttest scores had shown a significant difference ( P = 0.00). In practice, instructional module was significantly effective, except for touching hair again and again, as it could be a source of covid-19 infection. Conclusion: This study finding highlights the significance of training security officers about the prevention of Covid-19.
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