No abstract

Asians often consume foods high in carbohydrates with the addition of MSG as a flavor enhancer. Foods with high carbohydrates and MSG are predicted to be obesogen. This study aims to explore the effects of high carbohydrate (HC), high MSG (HMSG), and a combination of high carbohydrate and MSG (HCHMSG) intake with the onset of obesity. Seven-week-old male Swiss Webster strain mice (Mus musculus) (n = 40) were divided into four groups. The control group consisted of 57% carbohydrates, 9% fiber, and 6.11% fat. The HC group was given food intake consisting of 71% carbohydrate, 4.62% fiber, and 1.81% fat for 14 weeks; the HMSG group's diet consisted of 57% carbohydrates, 9% fiber, 6.11% fat with an additional 10% MSG and group HCHMSG diet consisted of 71% carbohydrates, 4.62% fiber and 1.81% fat with an additional 10% MSG. Significant weight gain (p < 0.05) began at the fourth week in HC and HCHMSG groups and the HMSG group in the sixth week. After 14 weeks of study the HC group (BW 45.07 ± 4.41; p < 0.05) and the HCHMSG group were obese (42,817 ± 7,149; p > 0.05). WAT increases significantly in both HC and HCHMSG groups.

No abstract

Formaldehyde had some degree of toxicity in the human body as a cadaver preservation solution. Recent studies showed that moderate formaldehyde levels in cadavers could neutralize SARS-CoV-2. However, other effects of formaldehyde levels in the air are not yet known on bacteria. This study aims to determine the optimal level of formaldehyde that can be used to neutralize bacteria and is safe for humans. This study used a post-test control group design with formaldehyde level as the independent variable and bacterial colonization as the dependent variable. The results showed that the mean levels of formaldehyde with the bacterial colony respectively were P1 (1.378±0.716; 0.40±0.10), P2 (0.347±0.038; 1.40±0.10), P3 (0.137±0.006; 2.40 ±0.10), P4 (0.042±0.005; 3.32±0.09), and P5 (0.009±0016; 4.40±0.10). The statistical analysis results revealed a value of p0.05, which indicated that the higher the formaldehyde level, the higher the ability to neutralize bacterial activity. The study concluded the optimum level for neutralizing bacterial activity safe for humans is about 0347±0038 mg/m3.