Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most popular fruit commodities in Indonesia, thanks to its sweet, wonderful flavor, as well as its high nutritional content and nutritional value. Consumer demand for melons is very high, both locally and internationally, although the sugar level of this particular melon is not too sweet. A melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a herbaceous annual plant that grows on vines and is a member of the cucumber family. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of cow urine for development (Cucumis melo L.). The experiment used a fully randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely the concentration of 6-level bio urine, namely B0 = 0 percent bio urine, B1 = 10 percent bio urine, B2 = 20 percent bio urine, B3 = 30 percent bio urine, B4 = 40 percent bio urine, and B5: 50 percent bio urine from 100 ml/plant recommendation. The research findings indicated that application of bio-liquid organic fertilizer (POC) to cow urine may increase: plant length, stem diameter, number of male flowers, and number of female flowers with the best 10 percent POC bio-cow urine. Melon growing can produce 10 percent bio-liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from cow urine.

The purpose of this research is to improve the physical properties and fertility of soil to improve production of shallot. The research method used is a randomized block factorial design with 3 replication. The first factor was application of liquid fertilizer (N) consisting of 3 levels (N0: 0 cm3/L  water; N1: 1.5 cm3/L  water; N2: 3 cm3/L water). Second factor was cattle manure (A) consisting of 4 levels, namely: A0: 0 g; A1: 40 g cattle manure; A2: 80 g cattle manure; and A3: 120 g cattle manure. The results shown treatment with liquid fertilizer has a significant effect on plant height at weeks after planting (WAP). The study showed that treatment with liquid fertilizer has a significant effect on plant height, tuber weight per clump, and tuber weight per plot, but didn’t not have a significant effect on number of leaves and number of samplings of the shallot plants. Treatment with cattle manure has a significant effect on plant height, tuber weight per clump, tuber weight per plot, and tuber diameter, but does not have a significant effect on number of leaves and number of saplings of the shallot plants. It can be concluded that the higher the application of liquid fertilizer, up to 3 cm3/L , the higher the growth and production of shallot plants, and the higher the application of cattle manure, up to 120 g/plot the higher the growth and production of shallot plants. Keywords:  Plant height, Shallot, Soil Fertility, Tuber weight, Tuber size.

<p>Plants that have a wide range of insect presence, decreased insect diversity and abundance were so few consequenced because the absence of one insect species can be replaced by the presence of another. The bad consequences that occur are the types of plants that have specific insect specificities because the absence of these insects will cause the failure of plant pollination and will directly cause a decrease in crop production. This study aimed to determine the diversity of insect species that come in the soybean-tithonia intercropping. The method was used direct observation in tithonia-soybean intercropping, took insects using a sweep net in the morning. The results showed that there were 15 types of insects identified, namely <em>Epilachna</em> sp.; <em>Coccinella</em> <em>sexmaculata</em>; <em>Coccinella</em> <em>transveralis</em>; <em>Verania lineata; Ropalidia fasciata; Priocnemis</em> sp.; <em>Naupactus leucoloma; Piezodorus guildinii</em>; <em>Bemicia</em> <em>tabaci; Agromyza phaseoli; Spodoptera</em> sp.; <em>Nezara viridula; Paederus fusipes; Hylaeus</em> sp.; and <em>Trigona</em> sp. The range of results of the calculation of the diversity index showed that the five treatments in intercropping plants had the same abundance. So it was needed to calculate the highest diversity index value or maximum H expressed in Ln S. The maximum H value in this study is 2.708, which is a measure of moderate species diversity (1&lt;H’&lt;3).</p>

Corn is the second important food crop commodity after rice. Besides being used as food, corn is also used as animal feed. The low yield of maize is caused by many factors including physical factors (climate, soil and land types) and biological factors (varieties, pests, diseases and weeds), as well as socio-economic factors. The polyphagous nature of Helicoverpa armigera and the unavailability of varieties that are resistant to these pests have caused control practices to be carried out to date still depend on the use of insecticides. Biological control agents such as M. anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Bacillus thuringiensis are the main control components. Utilization of biological agents has several advantages, especially selectivity, although it must be admitted that it is not as effective as insecticides with chemically active ingredients. The use of entomopotagen fungi is an environmentally friendly pest control and can be propagated by farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of environmentally friendly entomopathogenic fungi in controlling corn cob pests (Helicoverpa armigera) and corn stem borer (Spodoptera frugiferda) in Banjaran Deliserdang Village. The research method used is non-factorial RAK. From this study it was found that the intensity of S. frugiferda attack with the use of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana showed the best effect with the intensity of S. frugiferda attack which was 9.28% while the H. armigera pest used B. bassiana with an attack intensity of 9.08%. The use of B. bassiana can reduce the attack of S. frugiferda pests on corn plantations.

Hama kepik hijau (N. viridula L.) merupakan hama utama tanaman kedelai (Glycine max) serta dapat menurunkan produksi kedelai. Pengendalian hama ini dapat memanfaatkan insektisida nabati sebagai repellent menggunakan tanaman Tagetes erecta dipadukan dengan urine sapi. Penggunaan repellent umumnya tidak langsung mematikan serangga, namun lebih berfungsi untuk menolak kehadiran serangga, terutama disebabkan oleh baunya yang menyengat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keanekaragaman serangga yang dapat berperan sebagai musuh alami dalam mengurangi serangan hama N.viridula pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK Non Faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu kombinasi pemberian serbuk Tagetes erecta dengan urine sapi dengan lima taraf yaitu kontrol (T0), Serbuk T.erecta 10 g+urine sapi 100 ml (T1), Serbuk T.erecta 15 g + urine sapi 100 ml (T2), serbuk T.erecta 20 g + urine sapi 100 ml (T4), serbuk T.erecta 25 g + urine sapi 100 ml (T5). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan lima spesies serangga yaitu E.admirabilis, Epilachna sp, M.sexmaculatus, V. linneata, I.sarcitorius yang digolongkan sebagai hama (1spesies), predator (3 spesies) dan parasitoid (1 spesies). Diharapkan dengan penelitian ini petani dapat memanfaatkan Tagetes erecta dan limbah urine sapi sebagai pestisida alami untuk pengendalian Hama Nezara viridula yang bersifat ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis.