Extracellular enzymes play an important role in the growth and development of edible fungi. Extracellular enzyme activities have also become an important object of measurement. In this study, Agaricus brunnescens Peck, Coprinus comatus, and Pleurotus ostreatus were compared in terms of their enzyme production in liquid-and solid-state fermentation. Differences in the ability of various types of edible fungi to utilize biomass raw materials were analyzed by monitoring the fiber degradation rate during crop straw degradation, and changes in their cellulolytic enzyme systems during growth and metabolism were discussed. This study provided insights into the changes in the lignocellulose degradation ability of edible fungi during their growth and facilitated the discovery of new approaches to accelerate their growth in culture.

In wound care management, the prevention of wound infection and the retention of an appropriate level of moisture are two major challenges. Therefore, designing an excellent antibacterial hydrogel with a suitable water-adsorbing capacity is very important to improve the development of wound dressings. In this paper, a novel silver nanoparticles/poly (gamma-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) composite dressing was prepared for biomedical applications. The promoted wound-healing ability of the hydrogels were systematically evaluated with the aim of attaining a novel and effective wound dressing. A diffusion study showed that hydrogels can continuously release antibacterial factors (Ag). Hydrogels contain a high percentage of water, providing an ideal moist environment for tissue regeneration, while also preventing contraction of the wound. Moreover, an in vivo, wound-healing model evaluation of artificial wounds in mice indicated that silver/γ-PGA hydrogels could significantly promote wound healing. Histological examination revealed that hydrogels can successfully help to reconstruct intact epidermis and collagen deposition during 14 days of impaired wound healing. Overall, this research could shed new light on the design of antibacterial silver/γ-PGA hydrogels with potential applications in wound dressing.

Abstract:In this paper, poly γ-glutamic acid/ε-polylysine (γ-PGA/ε-PL) hydrogels were successful prepared. The γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels could be used to remove Na + , Ca 2+ , and Cr 3+ from aqueous solution and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of hydrogels were estimated under different ionic concentration, temperature, and pH. The results showed that the ionic concentration and the pH significantly influenced the swelling capacity of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels. The swelling capacities of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels were decreased with the increase of the ionic concentration. However, the swelling capacity of the γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogel was increased with the increase of the pH. The swelling kinetics indicated that γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels presented a more limited swelling degree in metal ion solutions with higher ionic valence numbers than in ion solutions with lower ionic valence numbers. However, the swelling kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they proposed a satisfactory description in NaCl and CaCl 2 solutions. The adsorption process was fitted with a pseudo-second-order rate equation model. Moreover, the desorption kinetics of γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels showed that they could release most of the adsorption ions. Considering the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ionic-sensitive properties, we propose that these γ-PGA/ε-PL hydrogels have high potential to be used in environmental protection, medical treatment, and other related fields.

Cordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus that has been traditionally used as a crude drug for treatment of human disease. Meanwhile, the functional nutrient substances in C. militaris possess various physiological activities. In addition, re-utilizing the soybean curd residue as solid medium for producing edible and medicinal fungus is an efficient and commercial method to dispose of the soybean curd residue waste materials. In this study, soybean curd residue was utilized as solid medium raw material for fermentation by C. militaris mycelium. The crude polysaccharide (CSCPS) from fermented soybean curd residue and C. militaris mycelium mixture showed potent bioactivities, including antioxidant, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Based on five antioxidant assays, the CSCPS showed powerful antioxidant capacities at OH, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The CSCPS significantly activated the proliferation of RAW 264.7, and protected it from DOX-induced and LPS-stimulated cell damage. Furthermore, the CSCPS inhibited the proliferation of HT1080, Hela, A549, U-2 OS and MDA-MB-231 cells.

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and edible mushroom cultivation waste was conducted to produce biogas using batch reactor. Influence of temperature on anaerobic digestion was studied, and recovery ability of bacterial activity after second feed was also investigated. Three temperature conditions of room temperature condition (16.5°C-25°C), mesophilic condition (36°C) and thermophilic condition (55°C) were chosen, and experimental result indicated that room temperature was unfit for anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion under mesophilic condition and thermophilic condition proceeded well, and the latter had earlier and higher daily biogas production peak. Second feed period achieved higher biogas yields of 199 mL•g-1 VS and 222 mL•g-1 VS under mesophilic condition and thermophilic condition respectively without lag phase. Seven to ten days of lag phase existed and biogas yields were 190 mL•g-1 VS and 213 mL•g-1 VS respectively under same conditions during first feed period. These results could provide beneficial information for scaled project.