Ovarian hormones play a critical role in emotion processing, which might be the major reason for the high rates of major depressive disorders in women. However, the exact roles of estradiol and progesterone on the basic emotions remain unclear. To this end, we performed a behavioral and an rs-fMRI study. Experiment 1 examines the specific influence of these two ovarian hormones on pathogen disgust and moral disgust processing across the menstrual cycle using the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) and explicit measures of disgust intensity task. In experiment 2, we used the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex(dACC), and insula as a seed to explore the menstrual cycle effects on intrinsic connectivity networks related to emotion processing. The behavioral results showed that women during the luteal phase had higher D scores and shorter response times (RTs) to disgust stimuli (both for pathogen disgust and moral disgust stimuli) compared to the menses phase and follicular phase. Instead, women during the follicular phase had fewer disgust feelings and longer response time (RTs) to pathogen stimuli compared to the menses phase and luteal phase, but this effect was moderated by the intensity of the stimuli. Furthermore, there was no difference in subject moral disgust feelings between the three cycle phases. The rs-fMRI studies showed that luteal phase women have higher functional connectivity in the salience network compared to the follicular phase. And compared to the menstrual phase, follicular phase women have lower functional connectivity in the anterior insula and amygdala. In summary, the more negative attitude to disgust stimuli and the enhanced functional connectivity of the salience network shown during the luteal phase may be associated with high progesterone levels, whereas the lower disgust feelings and reduced functional connectivity of the amygdala shown during the follicular phase may be associated with high estradiol levels.

BackgroundAvoidant attachment poses a serious risk to intimate relationships and offspring. However, there are few studies on the face-processing characteristics and impairments of avoidant individuals based on basic emotion theory. Therefore, this study investigated the issues of emotional processing and deactivation strategies in individuals with avoidant attachment.MethodsAvoidant and secure individuals were recruited to participate in an eye-tracking experiment and a two-choice oddball task in which they had to distinguish facial expressions of basic emotions (sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). Eye fixation durations to various parts of the face, including the eyes, nose, and mouth, were measured, and three event-related potentials (ERP) components (P100, N170, and P300) were monitored.ResultsAvoidant individuals could not process facial expressions as easily as secure individuals. Avoidant individuals focused less on the eyes of angry faces when compared to secure individuals. They also exhibited a more positive P100 component and a less negative N170 component when processing faces and a larger amplitude of the P300 component than secure individuals when processing emotional expressions.ConclusionAvoidant individuals use deactivating strategies and exhibit specific characteristics at different stages, which are of great significance in social interaction.

BackgroundOvarian hormones play a critical role in emotion processing, which may be a major reason for the high rates of major depressive disorders in women. However, the exact roles of estradiol and progesterone in emotional processing remain unclear. To this end, we performed behavioral and rs-fMRI studies on the effects ovarian hormones on disgust emotion.MethodsIn Experiment 1, 95 Chinese female undergraduates completed the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) and explicit measures of disgust intensity task, 32 in the menstrual phase, 30 in the follicular phase, and 33 in the luteal phase. In Experiment 2, A total of 25 healthy female undergraduates completed three sessions of the rs-fMRI. The menstrual group was scanned during cycle days 2–5, the follicular group during cycle during days 10–13, and the luteal group was scanned 3–7 days before the next menstruation.ResultsThe behavioral results showed that women during the luteal phase had higher D scores and shorter response times (RTs) to disgust stimuli compared to the menses and follicular phases. In contrast, women during the follicular phase had fewer feelings of disgust and longer RTs to pathogen stimuli compared with that during the menses and luteal phases, but this effect was moderated by the intensity of the stimuli. rs-fMRI studies showed that women during the luteal phase have higher functional connectivity in the salience network than those in the follicular phase. Compared with the menstrual phase, women have lower functional connectivity in the amygdala during the follicular phase.ConclusionIn summary, a more negative attitude to disgust stimuli and the enhanced functional connectivity of the salience network during the luteal phase may be associated with high progesterone levels, whereas lower disgust feelings and reduced functional connectivity of the amygdala during the follicular phase may be associated with high estradiol levels.

NAT (Network Address Translator) technology solves the problem of IP address shortage, but this technology can prevent P2P (Peer-to-Peer) communication between hosts. NAT penetration is the technical means to find a way to allow external datagrams to pass through the NAT device according to the mapping rules of the device, thus establishing a stable P2P connection. In order to ensure that the nodes in a P2P network complete high-quality communication, this paper investigates the entire P2P communication process and proposes an optimisation strategy based on STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP Through NATs) protocol penetration to address the problems of complex and tedious NAT type detection process and low success rate of the penetration process. By reclassifying NAT types, improving NAT type detection methods, introducing network state detection algorithms and optimising the communication flow, the strategy ensures smooth and high-quality communication between nodes in a P2P network. The experimental results show that the STUN protocol-based NAT penetration strategy proposed in this paper has lower resource consumption, stronger

Three-dimensional spatial geo-fencing is a new application based on location-based services (LBS, Location Based Services), which can provide real-time, three-dimensional location change-based related services to fence associates, and its core is to judge the location relationship between target points and fence area, which can be abstracted as point and space figure location relationship discrimination in geometry and mathematics, i.e., point inclusion problem. At present, the mainstream ray method has singularity problem in boundary judgment, and although many improved algorithms have been proposed, most of them are limited to two-dimensional form, which cannot meet the demand of high-precision position discrimination for complex spatial three-dimensional environment. Therefore, this paper starts from the idea of solving a system of linear equations, transforms the judgment of the position relationship between points and polyhedral fences into the judgment of the position relationship between points and planes, and proposes a new algorithm of 3D geo-fencing based on linear equations, which can quickly and accurately complete the judgment of the position relationship between target points and fences. Firstly, the complex polyhedral fence is pre-processed and formed