The evolution of risk theory and its interpretation by economists of the neoclassical school are considered. The reasons that give rise to business risks are identified. It is emphasized that risk is objective, but correlated with subjective uncertainty or objective correlation of subjective uncertainty. The focus is on the impact of risk on the formation of performance of economic entities. It is proved that risk minimization is impossible without the availability of timely and reliable information about changes in the market environment, which is provided by accounting for the facts of economic situations. Accounting risks have been identified as an integral part of business risks. It is proved that in order to achieve efficient management, control is one of the important functions in the management system, because it combines accounting, analysis, forecasting, regulation of enterprises. It was found that control can be considered as a management function, and internal control (audit), which ensures the effectiveness of the control function of accounting - as a subsystem of accounting. It is determined that in order to minimize risks and ensure the usefulness of accounting information to users, it should have the following main characteristics: be objectively prepared (registration and reporting of accounting transactions should be presented from a neutral point of view, without any prejudices that could create the reader has a misconception about the financial condition, results or cash flows of the business); have a sequence of recording (fixation of information with consistent application of accounting standards, and presentation of consolidated results equally for all presented periods); the accountant prepares financial statements that contain specific information necessary for management to make a decision; be reliable and complete. It is noted that strengthening the effectiveness of the control function of accounting is possible under the condition of functioning in the management system of the internal audit service. The basic imperatives for reducing accounting risks are modeled. The strategic components that improve the quality of accounting information are identified.

No abstract

The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation by states of their own minimum wage policy. It notes that there has been a positive economic change and an increase in demand among states due to increased political influence on the establishment of minimum wages. The data on the minimum wage for January 2020 has been studied and it was pointed that in 2020 Ukraine took the fifteenth place out of 54 countries in the growth rating of minimum wages in the world. Moreover, the main components of the system used at enterprises to provide incentives and increase productivity of employees have been determined. It is also noted that in some foreign countries there is a tendency to regulate and establish maximum wages of intellectual workers. The article gives a comparative analysis of wages of intellectual workers versus manual workers; and it indicates that the wages of intellectual workers are on average higher than wages of manual workers: in Germany – by 20%; in Italy and Denmark — by 22 %; in Luxembourg — by 44 %; in France and Belgium — by 61 %. In comparison with qualified workers, craftsmen earn more: in Germany – by 15%; in the Netherlands — by 23 %, in France— by 30 %, in Belgium — by 40 %. In the United States, lower-level executives (craftsmen, group and sector leaders) have an annual income on average 1.5 times higher than an annual income of manual workers. The article points out that foreign countries tend to use and combine various remuneration systems, each of which consists of two parts: basic (permanent) and additional (variable). It has been suggested to improve and develop new approaches to provide incentives for employees of domestic enterprises that will have a positive impact on their performance.

The authors overview macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and Poland. Being the basis of capital investment, they facilitate further increase in agricultural output in the system of strategic agricultural management. The article compares the indicators of Ukraine and Poland and researches the countries' agricultural prospective. It has been found that capital investment is required by business entities in order to realise their potential. The authors have identified regulatory tools ensuring control and accounting of capital investment in the international media and the accounting systems of Ukraine and Poland and carried out a comparison of the regulatory tools for accounting of capital investment in the international accounting system (International Accounting Standard 16 «Fixed Assets»), Ukrainian accounting system (Accounting Standard 7 «Fixed Assets») and Polish accounting system (National Accounting Standard 11 «Fixed Assets»). The article describes both common and distinctive features of certain parts of the abovementioned regulations and proves that the regulatory tools are to provide local and international investors with a legal framework with regard to changes in fixed assets in order to avoid and reduce investment risks. For instance, the comparison of the notion «fixed assets» in the International Accounting Standards and the National Accounting Standards of Ukraine and Poland proves their similarity. However, differences should be considered as well. The difference between the Polish Standard and IFRS in the valuation of a fixed asset on a balance day lies in the fact that according to IFRS fixed assets are evaluated at fair market prices, whereas the Polish Standard allows asset revaluation by a historic price (expenditure on construction or purchase). The Polish Standard only allows the revaluation of the fixed asset based on a particular regulation. The article investigates the dynamics of capital investment financing in both Ukraine and Poland, and identifies the total share of the countries' capital investment, including government funding in agriculture, forestry and fishery. In particular, the authors of the article have researched international accounting and control standards ensuring the functions of control over controlling bodies and capital investment. The authors have developed a model of informational tools and impact factor management in the process of investing in agricultural business. Consequently, relationships between different parts of the model, namely informational tools (accounting, control and analysis), investments (internal and external), parties involved (investors, manufacturers, etc.) and risks at micro-and macro levels have been identified. It has been proved that taking these parts into consideration will contribute to the investment attractiveness of businesses in Ukraine and Poland.

Abstract. Research is aimed at developing theoretical and methodological provisions and creating practical recommendations for the organization of the integrated reporting formation, taking into account the analytical indicators in conditions of growing information needs of users. Main principles and provisions of modern economic theory, theory of accounting and economic analysis, scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists on problems of organization of integrated reporting are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. General scientific methods were used: deduction and induction, synthesis and analysis, formalization and detailing, comparison and analogy, the method of theoretical generalization to gain the aim of the work and to solve the certain tasks. The result of the research is the development of a scientific and methodological approach for the implementation of integrated reporting in the practical activity of the enterprise. The organization of the integrated report formation will provide the solid background for the business in the form of complex integrated financing and non-financing indicators of the enterprise, which will define the main tools, methods, procedures, observance of basic and additional principles of formation of the system of accounting and analytical information. The mechanism of the organization of the integrated reporting formation as scientific and methodological approach is developed for the implementation of the integrated reporting in the practical activity of the enterprise, which consists of organization stages: the organization of the economic processes of the integrated accounting system; the organization of the accounting support of the integrated reporting formation; the organization of integrated reporting formation. The implementation of proposals in the practical activity of the enterprise will allow: publication of the integrated reporting with the responsibility for the completeness and accuracy of the information on the «Unified portal of integrated reporting of the enterprises and organizations of Ukraine», which will be the background of the sustainable development of business and national economy, social and ecological security of the country. The well-designed mechanism will ensure high efficiency indicators and results of the subjects and protect stakeholders from the risks of obtaining inaccurate or incomplete information or not receiving it at all. Keywords: integrated reporting, organization of the integrated reporting formation, financial and non-financial information, social responsibility of business. JEL Classification O3, Q43, P5 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.