No abstract

Two novel actinomycetes, designated strains 2C-SSA16(2) and 1C-GS8, were isolated from the cuticle of Camponotus japonicus Mayr, collected from Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Province, north China. Both of them contained genes (involved in antibiotics biosynthesis) of the ketosynthase (KS) and methyl malonyl transferase domains (PKS-I) and the adenylation domain (NRPS). A polyphasic study was carried out to establish the taxonomic positions of these strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two novel isolates 2C-SSA16(2) and 1C-GS8 exhibited 98.8% similarity with each other and that they are most closely related to Streptomyces umbrinus JCM 4521 (99.0, 98.6%), Streptomyces ederensis JCM 4958 (98.9, 98.7%), Streptomyces aurantiacus JCM 4453 (98.6, 98.2%), Streptomyces glomeroaurantiacus JCM 4677 (98.6, 98.1%), Streptomyces tauricus JCM4837 (98.2, 98.0%) and Streptomyces phaeochromogenes JCM 4070 (98.2, 99.2%). The corresponding phylogenetic analysis based on partial gyrB gene sequences showed that strains 2C-SSA16(2) and 1C-GS8 formed a cluster with the above-mentioned strains. The DNA-DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics indicated that strains 2C-SSA16(2) and 1C-GS8 could be readily distinguished from each other and their closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, these two strains are suggested to represent two novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces camponoti sp. nov. and Streptomyces cuticulae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are 2C-SSA16(2) (=CGMCC 4.7276 = DSM 100522) and 1C-GS8 (=CGMCC 4.7348 = DSM 103127), respectively.

Two novel Gram-stain positive, spore-forming, aerobic actinomycetes, designated NEAU-PCY-1 and NEAU-PCY-2, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains NEAU-PCY-1 and NEAU-PCY-2 exhibited 99.8% similarity with each other and are closely related to Streptomyces abietis DSM 42080 (98.2, 98.3%) and Streptomyces fildesensis DSM 41987 (98.0, 98.1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains formed a cluster with these two closely related species. Moreover, DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic, physiological and biochemical properties differentiated the two strains from their close relatives in the genus Streptomyces. Based on a polyphasic taxonomy study, strains NEAU-PCY-1 and NEAU-PCY-2 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces urticae sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-PCY-1 (= DSM 105115 = CCTCC AA 2017015) as the type strain.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-QY24, was isolated from the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.). A polyphasic approach was employed to determine the taxonomic status of strain NEAU-QY24. The isolate was found to have chemical and morphological properties of the genus Streptomyces, with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces lanatus JCM 4332 (98.3%) and clustered phylogenetically with Streptomyces lannensis JCM 16578 (98.2%). The cell wall was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars were identified as glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H), MK-9(H) and MK-9(H). The phospholipid profile was found to consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C, C, anteiso-C and C. A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and phenotypic tests were carried out between strain NEAU-QY24 and its closely related strains, which clarified their relatedness and demonstrated that strain NEAU-QY24 could be distinguished from these strains. These data indicate that the isolate should be recognised as a new species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces flavalbus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-QY24 (= CGMCC 4.7400 = DSM 104539).

Two Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-JGR1 and NEAU-JGC41, were isolated from soil collected from Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, south of China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were closely related to Promicromonospora thailandica JCM 17130 (99.4, 99.3%) and Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110 (99.2, 99.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains clustered together and formed a cluster with P. thailandica JCM 17130 and P. citrea DSM 43110. Both strains were observed to contain MK-9(H) and MK-9(H) as predominant menaquinones. Their whole cell sugar profiles were found to main contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids for the two strains were identified as anteiso-C, iso-C and anteiso-C. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-JGR1 and NEAU-JGC41 was 85.1 ± 0.3%, and the values between the two strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were well below 70%, supporting the conclusion that they represent a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the isolates from closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-JGR1 and NEAU-JGC41 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-JGR1 (= DSM 105536 = CGMCC 4.7473).