Searching for advanced microwave absorption (MA) nanomaterials is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing electromagnetic pollution in both military and civil fields. To this end, graphene and MXene have won the widespread attention as the main representatives due to their remarkable structures and properties. The common features such as the large aspect ratio, active chemical surface, and varieties of synthesis processes endow graphene and MXene with unique superiorities for developing high‐efficiency MA structures, in particular lightweight assemblies and various hybrids. Meanwhile, the structural and performance differences (such as different conductivities) between them result in distinctive techniques in the design, fabrication, and application of their MA materials. Herein, the research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, through the comparison between graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented. Furthermore, the future challenge, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.

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