Summary: Oxazoline functionalities were introduced onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile particles and polyacrylonitrile‐grafted films by the catalyzed reaction of a substituted aminoalcohol with the nitrile groups. The resulting oxazoline group was reacted with methyl triflate to use the resulting oxazolinium salt as initiator for the ring opening grafting of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline. The products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The modification of polyacrylonitrile with the substituted aminoalcohol achieves high conversions. Conversely, the amount of grafted 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline is low. The results show that controlled levels of 2‐oxazolines or polyoxazolines can be incorporated onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile.