David Levy and colleagues use the SimSmoke model to estimate the effect of Brazil's recent stronger tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality, and the effect that additional policies may have.

In Brazil, quitting rate is increasing, thus suggesting that tobacco control interventions implemented in Brazil in the past years seem to be effectively reaching the smoking population. This is strong evidence against the 'hardening hypothesis', which posits that remaining smokers decrease their willingness and ability to quit.

Este artigo explora a relação entre variáveis sócio-demográficas e comportamentais com proteção solar, levando-se em consideração as diferenças regionais existentes. Um inquérito de base populacional foi realizado em 15 capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal, e as informações sobre exposição solar foram coletadas para um total de 16.999 indivíduos de 15 anos ou mais. Quando comparamos os indivíduos residentes nas regiões Norte e Sul do país, as diferenças brutas entre mulheres e homens nas proporções de utilização do protetor solar e do chapéu foram, respectivamente, para a Região Norte, +10,9% (IC95%: 7,1; 14,6) e -11,6% (IC95%: -17,0; -6,3), e Sul do país, +21,3% (IC95%: 17,7; 24,9) e -16,0% (IC95%: -20,2; -12,5). As diferenças ajustadas confirmaram que, tanto no Norte quanto no Sul do país, as mulheres mais freqüentemente utilizaram como proteção o filtro solar e menos freqüentemente referiram o uso de chapéu do que os homens. Contudo, essas diferenças não foram homogêneas entre as re- giões (termos de interação p < 0,05).

The strategy of raising taxes has increased government revenues, reduced smoking prevalence and resulted in an increased illicit trade. Surveillance data can be used to provide information on illicit tobacco trade to help in the implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) article 15 and the FCTC Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products.

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.DesignMonthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.SettingAll Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).ParticipantsInfant populations.InterventionSmoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.Statistical analysesMunicipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.Main outcomes measuresInfant and neonatal mortality.ResultsImplementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.ConclusionsStrengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.