The Brazil SimSmoke Policy Simulation Model: The Effect of Strong Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in a Middle Income Nation

Levy, David T.; Almeida, Liz Maria de; Szklo, André Salem

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001336

Cited by 200 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tobacco represents a risk factor for different pathologies though, resulting in the implementation of public policies such as damage reduction. (25) These study results were similar to a study developed in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, involving health professionals who worked at teaching hospitals. Tobacco consumption was present in 26.5% of the subjects and predominant among workers with longer time working at the institution, which corresponded to the older individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ambiente ocupacional e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros

et al. 2017

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Objective: To analyze the relation between the work environment and psychoactive substance consumption among hospital nurses. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study, involving nurses from three public hospitals in a city in the South of Brazil, being two medium-complexity and one high-complexity institution. The study population consisted of 221 nurses. Based on this figure, the stratified sample size was calculated, considering a 50% proportion, 95% confidence level and 5% maximum error, resulting in a minimum number of 175 participants. Through proportional stratification per institution, a minimum of 103 high-complexity nurses was defined, as well as 36 nurses from each medium-complexity institution. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: having worked at the institution for at least one year and not being on leave. The data were collected between October 2015 and April 2016. In the data collection, sociodemographic and occupational information, the Nursing Work Index -Revised and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. The data were analyzed in the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0. Initially, the normality was verified by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive analyses were developed by absolute and relative frequencies for the categorical variables; and medians and dispersion measures for the numerical variables. Results: Alcohol, tobacco and sedatives were the most consumed substances. The monthly income was positively correlated with alcohol consumption among nurses at the medium-complexity hospitals (p=0.01). At the high-complexity hospital, alcohol consumption was negatively correlated with the physician-nurse index (p=0.03). Autonomy, physician-nurse index and organizational support were negatively correlated with the use of sedatives (p<0.01; p<0.01; p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The more negative the nurse's work environment, mainly in the relation with physicians, organizational support and autonomy, the greater the consumption of psychoactive substances. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a relação entre o ambiente de trabalho e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros hospitalares. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com enfermeiros de três instituições hospitalares públicas localizados em um município da Região Sul do Brasil, sendo duas de média complexidade e uma de alta complexidade. A população deste estudo foi composta por 221 enfermeiros. Com base nesse número, calculou-se o tamanho amostral por estratos, considerando-se a proporção de 50%, nível de confiança de 95% e erro máximo de 5%, o que resultou no número mínimo de 175 participantes. Mediante a estratificação proporcional por instituição definiu-se o mínimo de 103 enfermeiros da alta complexidade e 36 de cada instituição de média complexidade. Adotou-se como critérios de inclusão: trabalhar na instituição há pelo menos um ano e não estar afastado por licença. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre outubro de 2015 e abril de 2...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ambiente ocupacional e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, the relatively high price of cigarettes in Brazil, considered the highest in the world, may also have contributed to this reduction 30 . Our results are corroborated by the findings of studies in high income countries that observed a higher rate of current smoking prevalence among patients with mental illnesses than in the general population 5,6,7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…Results from a national survey indicate that in 2008 prevalence was 18.5%, showing a significant reduction when compared with the 1989 data 10 . Advances in tobacco control in Brazil seen over the last decades are positive, but it is observed that prevalence among young women is growing more than among men of the same age 11 , mortality is still high 12,13 and the costs are underestimated 14 . In this scenario, calculation of the tobacco-related disease burden is not often made in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

2015

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Os avanços no controle do tabagismo no Brasil podem ser verificados na redução da prevalência nas últimas duas décadas. As estatísticas de óbitos, ocorrência de eventos e custos diretos atribuíveis às doenças tabaco-relacionadas não são estimadas com frequência no país. O objetivo deste artigo foi estimar a carga do tabagismo em 2011, em termos de mortalidade, morbidade e custos da assistência médica das principais doenças tabaco-relacionadas. Desenvolveu-se um modelo econômico baseado em uma microssimulação probabilística de milhares de indivíduos através de coortes hipotéticas que considerou a história natural, os custos diretos em saúde e a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. O tabagismo foi responsável por 147.072 óbitos, 2,69 milhões anos de vida perdidos, 157.126 infartos agudos do miocárdio, 75.663 acidentes vasculares cerebrais e 63.753 diagnósticos de câncer. O custo para o sistema de saúde foi de R$ 23,37 bilhões. O monitoramento da carga do tabagismo é uma importante estratégica para informar aos tomadores de decisão e fortalecer a política pública de saúde.

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The Brazil SimSmoke Policy Simulation Model: The Effect of Strong Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in a Middle Income Nation

Abstract: David Levy and colleagues use the SimSmoke model to estimate the effect of Brazil's recent stronger tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality, and the effect that additional policies may have.

Cited by 200 publications

References 30 publications

Ambiente ocupacional e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros

Ambiente ocupacional e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre enfermeiros

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil

Estimativa da carga do tabagismo no Brasil: mortalidade, morbidade e custos

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