Objectives: Safe disposal of expired, unwanted, or unused medications by the consumers is a major challenge worldwide. The knowledge, attitude and practice of consumers on disposal of unused and expired medicines were assessed. Methods: Data on demographics, educational, occupation, socioeconomic status, drugs purchased, number of unused or expired drugs were obtained from medicine consumers. Knowledge, attitude and practice of safe disposal methods, number, most common class, dosage forms of leftover drugs and the reasons were assessed using a questionnaire. Effect of educational, occupational, socioeconomic status on purchase of drugs, awareness on the consequences of improper disposal of drugs were assessed using chi square test. Results: Of 145 participants, 46 % were females and 54% were males with a mean age of 36.76 + 13.60 years. 66 participants stated 1-5 drugs as leftover at home and the reason for possession of unused medicines as self-discontinuation after the condition was resolved. Most common drugs left unused at home were analgesics and the dosage form was tablets. 76.6% were unaware of the consequences of improper drug disposal. 65.5% stated the acceptable method to dispose medicines as collection of unused drug by Municipality. Majority (88%) disposed unused or expired medicines in the garbage. There was a statistically significant association between educational, occupational and socio economic status, purchase of drugs and awareness on consequences of improper drug disposal (P<0.05). Conclusion: Most of the participants had leftover of unused or expired drugs in their households and there was lack of awareness on safe disposal of medicines.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum) is one of the mostly used medicinal herbs. Fenugreek seeds are rich in source of minerals, vitamins, dietary fibres, carbohydrates and proteins. So it has many potential application. It contains many bioactive compounds which are galactomannan, diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucene, 3hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H) furanone (stolone), etc.Fenugreek have an hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective effect, antioxidant potency, digestive stimulant action. It is an anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, gastric stimulant and anti-anorexia agent. These physical properties were evaluated by medicinal and nutritional study. In this review, we will know about the nutritional, nutraceutical, antioxidant and medicinal properties of fenugreek.

Hemigraphis coloratais a medicinal plant originates from the tropical regions of kerala and its native is from the sides of Malesia. It is a perennial herb mostly grown as ornamental plant. It is a tribal plant of the tribes of Kerala. It is commonly called as "murikooti or muryanpacha".H.coloratais used as herbal ointments to cure cut wounds, ulcers and most importantly bleedings. It has many valuable properties like anti-microbial and antidiabetic activities. It acts as an anti oxidant and exhibit free radical scavenging activity. This review paper is intended to sum up and gather all the important information about the pharmacological effects and the activities of H.colorata.

Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) is also known as coat button or tridax daisy. It is the widespread weed and also a pest plant in tropical and subtropical. T. procumbens was used as a traditional medicine in wound healing, antifungal, antibacterial, insect repellent all over the world. The raw leave extract of T. procumbens is used as a best for wound healing as a Ayurvedic medicine in India.

Vitex negundo belongs to the family verbenaceae, is a aromatic shrub. This plant is commonly used for traditional medicines to treat various diseases. All parts include leaves, root, bark, seeds and flowers are used to treat diseases. It contains number of phytochemicals as secondary metabolites compare to other parts leaves contain number of phytochemicals these play a vital role in tradicinal medicines. Plant extracts of Vitex negundo possess different activities like anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic and others. It is also used as a larvidal, mosquito repellent and insecticidal. This review aims to presenting the role of phytochemicals and its therapeutic uses to develop the modern medicine.