Recently, interindividual variations in serum paraoxonase (PON1) activity and the differences in its metabolic activity towards different organophosphates (OPs) caused by the coding region polymorphisms L55M and Q192R have been found to be important risk factors in susceptibility to OP poisoning. In this study, we investigated the effect of PON1 on the outcome of acute OP intoxication and the effect of acute OP intoxication on PON1. Twenty-eight OP-poisoned patients and 66 healthy volunteers were studied. Patients were evaluated for the clinical manifestations of OP intoxication as well as PON1 activity, PON1 mass and PON1 polymorphisms. Butyrylcholine-esterase (BChE) activity was 50% lower (2276±738 U/L versus 5037±1553 U/L, P<0.01) while PON1 activity was 30% lower (114.2±67.4 nmol/mL/min versus 152.9±78.9 nmol/mL/ min, P<0.05) in patients than in controls. We observed that the PON1 and BChE activities of eight of the original subjects returned to normal levels when they were reinvestigated six months after exposure. The frequency of the PON192Q allele was significantly higher in patients than controls (85.7% versus 59.7%, χ2=6.745, P=0.034). QQ/MM individuals had the lowest activity towards paraoxon, while RR/LL individuals had the highest activity. Our data indicate that interindividual differences in PON1 activity and the PON1-55 and-192 polymorphisms are important risk factors in susceptibility to acute OP poisoning; therefore, identifying an individual's PON1 alloenzymes may play an important role in the treatment of patients suffering from OP intoxication.

This study involved 14 ostriches of both sexes between 3 and 24 mo of age. Some hematologic and biochemical parameters were studied in animals with stomach impaction. Clinical examination of the birds revealed anorexia, emaciation, decreased defecation, listlessness, separation from the flock, and recumbence. The total number of leukocytes (10.4 x 10(3) mm3), the concentrations of serum glucose (166 mg/dl), and total protein (2.4 g/dl) decreased; serum creatine phosphokinase (1240 U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (598 U/L) increased; whereas no changes were found in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and copper. Medical treatment was initiated in 13 animals; six of them recovered and seven birds died. Necropsy revealed edema, erosions, and hemorrhagic ulcers in the stomach of the dead birds. Foreign bodies such as sand; stone; pieces of wood, glass, and plastic; and metallic objects were encountered in the stomach at the necropsy. In one bird, metallic foreign body was diagnosed and the bird was referred to surgery. Under stress factors, ostriches tend to eat foreign material; therefore, adequate housing, nutrition, and care are crucial in prevention of stomach impaction.

Makale Kodu (Article Code): KVFD-2009-183 ÖzetBu makalede 5 yaşlı Montafon bir inekte karşılaşılan sekum dilatasyon ve dislokasyonunun operatif sağaltımı ve sonuçları sunulmuştur. Ani iştahsızlık, süt veriminde gerileme ve gaita miktarında azalma şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilen olguda gerekli fiziksel muayenelerin ardından sekum dilatasyonu ve dislokasyonu tanısı konularak operasyona karar verildi. Sekumun, ileo-ceace colic bölgesinde tesbit edilen sekumun dilatasyonu ve torsiyonuna neden olduğu anlaşılan fitobezoar uzaklaştırıldı. Gerekli postopertif bakım yapılarak hayvan 20 gün izlendi ve herhangi bir komplikasyon şekillenmeksizin hayvanın iyileştiği gözlendi.. Anahtar sözcükler: İnek, Sekum dilatasyonu, Sekum dislokasyonu Cecal Dilatation and Dislocation in a Montafon Cow SummaryIn this study, operative treatment and results was presented a 5-year-old Montafon cow with cecal dilatation and dislocation. The case was made clinical examination which brought to our clinics with complain of sudden onset of anorexia, a reduction of milk and failure to pass feces. After clinical examination of animal were decided in the operation. Determined the phytobezoar of bowel in the ceacum ileo-ceace-coloc area which accepted to cause of cecal dilatation and dislocation was removed. For a period of 20 days of postoperative follow-up in animal were observed any of the complications and getting better. Keywords: Cow, Cecal dilatation, Cecal dislocation GİRİŞSekumun, dilatasyon ve dislokasyonu; sütçü inek lerde gözlenen, önemli verim kayıplarına neden olan ve sağaltılmaması halinde öldürücü olan bir patolojik barsak bozukluğudur. Sekal dilatasyon, organın bükül meden gerginliğini tanımlar. Sekumun apeksi, kaudal yöne doğru seyreder ve oradan pelvis boşluğu içine yönelir. Sekumun, uzun aksisi boyunca rotasyon sap tanması halinde sekal torsiyon söz konusudur

A 4-year-old native-breed cow had a mass with wide areas of ulceration and hemorrhage at the base of the tail at the same level as the vulva. The tumor was 19 ϫ 13 ϫ 11 cm, appeared red-brown, and was firm to hard, with gritty areas apparent on cut surface. Histologically, the tumor mass was composed of multilayered epithelial cells forming glandular structures with occasional apical blebs and rare solidly packed cells in nests. The stroma included fibrous connective tissue, scattered or periglandular sheets of spindle-shaped cells resembling myoepithelium, several cartilaginous formations, and numerous irregular islands of mineralized osteoid, well-formed bone trabeculae lined by osteoblasts, and many osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells among or near the neoplastic epithelium. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic epithelium was positive for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE2) and cytokeratin 19 but was negative for cytokeratin 18. Spindle-shaped cells were stained with alpha smooth muscle actin (␣SMA) and to a lesser extent vimentin antibodies. The cells of osteogenic lineage and spindle cells closely associated with the osteoid showed strong immunostaining for vimentin but not for ␣SMA. Immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase and S100 protein was not observed in any component of the tumor mass. These findings suggested that the origin of bone formation was undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with osteogenic potential.

Today, the ecosystem is being rapidly destroyed due to habitat loss, animal hunting, road construction, raising of transmission lines, general pollution, and agricultural activities, in addition to many other factors, all of which directly and indirectly affect wildlife. By necessity, rehabilitation units are available for the care and treatment of wild birds and mammals in need of life support. This paper discusses data collected regarding the treatment and rehabilitation of wild mammals and birds brought to the Center for Wildlife Conservation and Rehabilitation at Van Yüzüncü Yýl University from 2009-2016. During the course of the present study, total 145 wild animals including 117 birds and 28 mammals. Out of the total treated, 96 wild birds and 21 wild mammals recovered, 12 birds and 4 mammals died without responding to treatments, whereas 9 birds and 3 mammals were euthanized. Additionally, of the 96 birds and 21 mammals that recovered, 15 birds and 6 mammals were determined to be unable to survive in their natural habitats, and were sent to zoo gardens or wildlife conservation and rehabilitation centers. The remaining 96 animals that fully recovered were released back into their natural habitats.