Mixed Apocrine Sweat Gland Tumor of the Tail in a Cow

Abstract

A 4-year-old native-breed cow had a mass with wide areas of ulceration and hemorrhage at the base of the tail at the same level as the vulva. The tumor was 19 ϫ 13 ϫ 11 cm, appeared red-brown, and was firm to hard, with gritty areas apparent on cut surface. Histologically, the tumor mass was composed of multilayered epithelial cells forming glandular structures with occasional apical blebs and rare solidly packed cells in nests. The stroma included fibrous connective tissue, scattered or periglandular sheets of spindle-shaped cells resembling myoepithelium, several cartilaginous formations, and numerous irregular islands of mineralized osteoid, well-formed bone trabeculae lined by osteoblasts, and many osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells among or near the neoplastic epithelium. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic epithelium was positive for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE2) and cytokeratin 19 but was negative for cytokeratin 18. Spindle-shaped cells were stained with alpha smooth muscle actin (␣SMA) and to a lesser extent vimentin antibodies. The cells of osteogenic lineage and spindle cells closely associated with the osteoid showed strong immunostaining for vimentin but not for ␣SMA. Immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase and S100 protein was not observed in any component of the tumor mass. These findings suggested that the origin of bone formation was undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with osteogenic potential.

Ceruminous Gland Carcinoma with Malignant Proliferation of Acinar Epithelial and Myoepithelial Components in a Dog

“…CAM5.2, an antibody against CK8/9, is a reliable marker to detect glandular epithelia in dogs 11) . In the present case, as previously reported 8,12) , the luminal epithelial element was positive for pan-cytokeratin and CK8. In canine mammary gland tumors, biphasic proliferation is a frequently observed and characteristic feature.…”

Metastatic apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma in a terrier dog

“…The recent World Health Organization classification categorizes apocrine sweat gland tumors in domestic animals into adenoma/carcinoma, complex or mixed adenoma/carcinoma (or both), and ductal adenoma/ carcinoma [7][8][9] . Literature reviews showed the occurrence of mentioned tumor in other animal species as fallow, 3 mixed tumors on the ventral surface of the tail in cattle [10][11][12] , 2 cases each of adenoma and carcinoma in aged ponies [13] , 1 case of carcinoma in a golden hamster [14] and 1 case of apocrine adenoma in a hare [15] . Apocrine adenocarcinomas are also very rare in human [16] .…”

A Canine Case of Mixed Carcinoma of the Sweat Gland in the Footpad

“…However, it is also suggested that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the tumor tissue might play roles in the metaplasia in the mixed tumors 3) . Gulbahar et al 6) reported a case of mixed apocrine sweat gland tumor in a cow in which the mesenchymal elements were not immunopositive for SMA, suggesting that the metaplastic bone or cartilage might be derived from the undifferentiated stem cells rather than myoepithelial cells. In the present study, the spindle-shaped neoplastic cells adjacent to the chondroid matrix were not positive for SMA, suggesting that undifferentiated mesenchymal cells might be involved in the formation of chondroid matrix in this case.…”