ResumenEl estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias entre sexos en variables antropométricas (reales, percibidas y deseadas), en hábitos alimentarios, y en el uso de dietas alimentarias. Los participantes fueron 1.075 adolescentes y jóvenes de 14 a 25 años (49.9 % varones, 50.1 % mujeres). Con un diseño descriptivo y comparativo, se administraron tres instrumentos de evaluación. Los resultados confirman muchas diferencias significativas entre sexos. En variables antropométricas las chicas se perciben más obesas de lo que están y desean estar más delgadas; los chicos se perciben igual o más delgados de lo que están y desean tener un volumen corporal superior. Los chicos desean tener un Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) superior y las chicas inferior. Las chicas obtienen puntuaciones significativamente superiores en hábitos alimentarios, aunque los chicos perciben que tienen una alimentación más equilibrada. Las chicas han realizado más dietas y creen necesitarlas más. Las razones para engordar en los chicos son biológicas y en las chicas hábitos alimentarios inadecuados. Las chicas realizan más dietas tanto saludables como no recomendables. Las razones para comenzar una dieta son en las chicas la imagen corporal y en los chicos ser aceptado por los iguales. El abandono de las dietas los chicos lo atribuyen a la dieta y las chicas a 1 Universidad del País Vasco, España.Recibido: 8 de abril de 2016. Aceptado: 5 de julio de 2016.
La adolescencia es una etapa caracterizada por la preocupación de la imagen del cuerpo, así como por el despertar sexual. Las redes sociales (RS) se han convertido en el medio de vehiculizar el interés sexual del adolescente y el lugar donde más se exponen a través de las publicaciones fotográficas. Objetivos: a) Analizar las diferencias de sexo y edad en autoestima corporal, en publicaciones virtuales y en estrategias de avance sexual (EAS); b) Realizar análisis correlaciónales entre las variables estudiadas. Participantes: 200 adolescentes de 14 a 17 años, 98 chicos (49%), seleccionados aleatoriamente del País Vasco. Instrumentos de evaluación: Escala de Autoestima Corporal (Maganto y Kortabarria, 2011), Cuestionario de Imagen Virtual de las Redes Sociales (Maganto y Peris, 2011) y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Avance Sexual (Román, 2009). Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de sexo y edad. Los chicos son superiores en autoestima corporal, publicaciones eróticas y en EAS coercitivas y de presión. Los adolescentes de 16-17 años tienen más EAS y emociones positivas ante la sexualidad. La autoestima corporal erótica y social correlaciona positivamente con las publicaciones estéticas, eróticas y con las EAS físicas y verbales. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes con alta autoestima corporal estética y erótica son los que más publicaciones eróticas realizan en las RS y los que más EAS presentan, especialmente físicas y verbales.
This study had the following goals: (1) to analyze the differences between participants with and without risk of eating disorders (ED) in self-esteem, happiness, depression, anxiety, anger, and psychological variables related to ED; (2) to determine possible differences in the group at risk of ED on these variables as a function of sex; and (3) to determine which variables explain the risk of ED. Eight assessment instruments were administered to 1.075 participants (74.6% without risk of ED and 25.4% at risk). The results confirmed: (1) Significant differences such that the without-risk group scored higher on self-esteem and happiness, and lower on depression, anxiety, anger, ED-related variables, and perceived weight (large effect size: η2 = .49; r = .70); (2) Within the at-risk group, males scored higher on body self-esteem, general self-esteem, and anger-state, while females scored higher on perceived weight, state-trait depression, state-trait anxiety, inefficiency, interoceptive awareness, and asceticism (large effect size: η2 = .31; r = .56); and (3) The explanatory variables in both sexes were: for drive for thinness - perceived weight, inefficiency, and impulsivity; for bulimia - body self-esteem; and for body dissatisfaction - inefficiency, perceived weight, anxiety-trait, and happiness. The study provides relevant variables for designing ED prevention and/or treatment programs.
Adolescence is characterized by concerns about body self-esteem, as well as sexual arousal. Social Networks (SN) have become the way to express the sex interests in adolescents and the place where they publish more virtual photographs. Objectives: a) Analyze the sex and age differences in body self-esteem, virtual images and sexual advance strategies; b) Carry out correlations among variables studied. Participants: 200 adolescents from 14 to 17 years, 98 boys (49%), selected randomly from the Basque country. Assessment instruments: Body Self-Esteem Scale (Maganto & Kortabarria, 2011), Questionnaire of Virtual Image on Social Network (Maganto & Peris, 2011), Sexual Advance Strategies (Roman, 2009). Results: Statistically significant differences in sex and age were obtained. The boys obtained higher scores than girls in body self-esteem, erotic publications and coercive sexual strategies. Youth of 16-17 years have more strategies of sexual advances and positive emotions to sexuality than adolescents of 14-15 years. Social and erotic body self-esteem correlates positively with aesthetic, erotic publications and physical and verbal sexual advance strategies. Conclusions: Adolescents with higher body self esteem, both aesthetic and erotic, more virtual images on social networks publish, and they are those who carry out more strategies of sexual advance, specifically physical and verbal strategies.
Adolescence is characterized by concerns about body self-esteem, as well as sexual arousal. Social Networks (SN) have become the way to express the sex interests in adolescents and the place where they publish more virtual photographs. Objectives: a) Analyze the sex and age differences in body self-esteem, virtual images and sexual advance strategies; b) Carry out correlations among variables studied. Participants: 200 adolescents from 14 to 17 years, 98 boys (49%), selected randomly from the Basque country. Assessment instruments: Body Self-Esteem Scale (Maganto & Kortabarria, 2011), Questionnaire of Virtual Image on Social Network (Maganto & Peris, 2011), Sexual Advance Strategies (Roman, 2009). Results: Statistically significant differences in sex and age were obtained. The boys obtained higher scores than girls in body self-esteem, erotic publications and coercive sexual strategies. Youth of 16-17 years have more strategies of sexual advances and positive emotions to sexuality than adolescents of 14-15 years. Social and erotic body self-esteem correlates positively with aesthetic, erotic publications and physical and verbal sexual advance strategies. Conclusions: Adolescents with higher body self esteem, both aesthetic and erotic, more virtual images on social networks publish, and they are those who carry out more strategies of sexual advance, specifically physical and verbal strategies.
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