a b s t r a c tIn this study, dairy base consisting of raw skim milk and reconstituted whey powder were pressurized. The process used ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) at levels of 150, 200 and 250 MPa and inlet temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 C, following experimental design. Dairy base was inoculated with probiotic lactic culture, incubated, and allowed to ferment. Pineapple juice, previously sweetened with sugar or aspartame, was added, following an experimental design, resulting in dairy beverages. Appropriate formulation, considering the sensory attributes, was identified by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and used for studying rheological parameters. Results disclosed that formulations with higher whey levels had higher average scores for characteristic sensory attributes of products. The aim was to evaluate rheological properties (viscosity and shear stress) of fermented dairy beverages according to inlet temperature and pressure, comparing them to thermally processed samples (90 C/60s). This evaluation showed that pressurized beverages at 150 MPa/15 C were similar to controls. These preliminary results obtained in this study suggest that UHPH has the potential to be used to modeling some rheological characteristics of fermented dairy beverages, for example, to favorably modify their consistency. All samples exhibited viscoelastic and thixotropic behaviors.
Heat treatment is applied to dairy products to ensure microbiological quality and increase the shelf life. However, a suitable control of this process is necessary to guarantee nutritional and sensory quality. The aim of this study is to adapt the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of lactulose and lactose content in commercial samples of UHT and sweetened condensed milk. The HPLC method used showed a good resolution of the analytes evaluated. The analyzed UHT milk samples presented levels for lactulose in accordance with the limit recommended by the International Dairy Federation. There was no significant variation in lactulose concentration for sweetened condensed milk samples. However, one sweetened condensed milk sample showed lactose level lower than the established values (10–12%).
A tecnologia de Alta Pressão Hidrostática (APH) temse destacado como inovadora, englobando os requisitos de uma tecnologia que preserva a qualidade do produto, sem acarretar danos ao meio ambiente. Trata-se de um tratamento não térmico e que utiliza pressões elevadas, na faixa de 100 a 900 MPa, com opções concomitantes de variação de tempo e temperatura, o que garante uma flexibilidade de trabalho de acordo com o alimento utilizado. Possui grande vantagem de aumentar a vida útil, garantir um alimento seguro do ponto de vista microbiológico, além de manter as características nutricionais e sensoriais praticamente inalteradas. Os custos envolvidos na aquisição dos equipamentos e do processamento limitam o uso dessa tecnologia. Avanços têm sido realizados no desenho e construção desses equipamentos para tornar tais custos de processo mais competitivos em relação à esterilização e ao congelamento. Alguns produtos tratados pela alta pressão hidrostática já estão sendo comercializados na Alemanha, Espanha, Estados Unidos e Japão, e a tendência é de que outros países venham a adquirir essa tecnologia que traz grandes vantagens para o processamento e conservação dos alimentos.Os produtos cárneos, devido à sua riqueza na composição em relação à umidade, proteínas, gorduras e outros nutrientes, são produtos bastante susceptíveis às alterações de ordem física, química e microbiológica (OLIVO, 2006). Um dos maiores desafios para a indústria de carnes é oferecer produtos macios, suculentos e com cor e sabor agradáveis, permanecendo estáveis essas características de frescor durante toda a sua vida de prateleira, com a maior segurança e o menor custo possível. AbstractThe High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is an innovative food technology which uses high pressure (100 a 900 MPa) and has the advantage over conventional thermal technologies of keeping the sensory characteristics of food similar to the original characteristics ensuring the food safety, from the microbiological point of view, for an increased shelf life. This study aimed at investigating the effects of high pressure on the oxidative process, particularly on the lipid oxidation, and their effects on the color of pressurized turkey ham when treated from 200 to 400 MPa for 5, 10, and 15 minutes at room temperature. From the results, one can observe that no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the control and pressurized samples for the TBA indexes, but a difference was observed in the peroxide index on the 30 th day among the samples. It was also observed change of color due to oxidative reactions after 45 and 65 days of storage in the samples treated under pressures of 400 MPa for 5 and 15 minutes. Keywords: high hydrostatic pressure; ham turkey; oxidation of lipids and color. ResumoA Alta Pressão Hidrostática (APH) consiste em uma tecnologia inovadora de processamento de alimentos com utilização de pressões elevadas (100 a 900 MPa) que possui vantagens em relação às tecnologias térmicas convencionais, pois mantém as características sensoriais do aliment...
ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a termorresistência dos fungos mais termorresistentes, isolados de néctares de maracujá e abacaxi comerciais pasteurizados, bem como verificar a produção de patulina por esses fungos, quando inoculados em tais néctares. Os fungos mais termorresistentes isolados foram o Byssochlamys fulva em néctar de maracujá e o Byssochlamys nivea em néctar de abacaxi. O B. nivea, em néctar de abacaxi, mostrou-se mais termorresistente, com base nos valores de D 98°C e Z, os quais resultaram em 27 min e 5,4 °C, respectivamente, em comparação com 13,6 min e 5,5 °C encontrados para B. fulva, em néctar de maracujá. A pasteurização comumente aplicada pela indústria não se mostrou suficiente para inativação dos fungos isolados. Não
This book chapter provides information on the principal natural sources and industrial sources of phytosterols and their role in human health and nutrition, particularly as a functional ingredient to decrease plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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