Aims: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between leptin and thyroid profile in overweight/obese Manipur individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 people (of either gender) between the ages of 20 and 65 were included in the study. The body mass index (BMI) was computed using the height and weight of the individual. Blood samples were used to assess serum leptin, thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Significant variations between the groups were examined, as well as leptin and thyroid associations with various BMIs. Findings: Leptin levels were significantly higher in the overweight/obese group (12.73 ± 9.93 ng/ml) than in the control group (6.85 ± 6.49 ng/ml), (P <0.01). T4 levels did not differ significantly between normal (7.83 ± 1.51 µg/dl) and overweight/obese individuals (8.49 ± 2.00 µg/dl) whereas, TSH levels differed significantly between normal (2.79 ± 2.72 µIU/ml) and overweight/obese subjects (2.32 ± 1.54 µIU/ml), (P <0.05). A positive significant correlation was found between BMI and leptin (r = 0.38; P = 0.00) as well as between BMI and T4 (r = 0.14; P = 0.02). BMI and TSH did not have any correlations. Furthermore, there were no significant relationships between leptin and T4 or TSH.  Conclusion: The leptin and thyroid hormone are strongly linked in those who are overweight/obese.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), one of the most common types of nutritional anemia worldwide is considered a major public health problem in developing countries. Prevalence in India remains alarmingly high. Population of Manipur, a small state in the north-eastern part of India, is different with distinct race, culture, socio-demographic pattern and dietary habits. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of IDA among apparently healthy school children of Manipur, India. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-nine blood samples (163 males and 216 females) were collected randomly from urban and rural school children in the age group of 13 to 19 years from Imphal west and Thoubal districts of Manipur respectively. Eligible participants were subjected to haemoglobin (Hb) estimation and serum ferritin (SF) assay. Moreover, a questionnaire was designed to collect demographics, food and drink habits, hygienic practices and socioeconomic status. BMI of the students were also recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of IDA was 23.2% (n = 88), of whom 81.81% were females (n = 72) and 18.18% were males (n = 16). Prevalence of IDA among the males and females was higher in the rural compared to urban schools but not statistically significant. Correlation between BMI and Hb was significant (p < 0.05) but not with serum ferritin status. Students belonging to the middle income group had the highest prevalence of ferritin deficiency followed by the high income group and low income group respectively. Both the Hb and serum ferritin levels of students who do hand wash before meals were significantly higher than those who do not. Both hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels do not differ significantly among students who prefer home-made traditional food and junk food. Conclusion: This study revealed that the majority of the students, especially females, have IDA that might become worse by malnutrition, lifestyle habits, and lack of awareness. Our results suggest that IDA can be prevented by providing proper knowledge on the healthful diet, improved lifestyle, and harmful effect of IDA to the students.

Background: Age is linked to a number of hormonal disorders. This study was designed to look for changes in leptin, insulin, and thyroid profile concentrations in women of various ages. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Regional Insititute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Female subjects (350 participants) between the ages of 20 and 65 were recruited. Subjects were grouped as pre-menopause (< 40 age), menopause (≥ 40 to < 50 age) and post-menopause (≥ 50 age). Blood samples were separated serum and estimated levels of leptin, insulin and thyroid profile levels. Statistical calculation was done using SPSS software version 26, at P < 0.05 as significant. Results: Body mass index (BMI) had significant changes in different age groups (P < 0.05), but the levels were not in the higher range of BMI. Serum levels of leptin, insulin, T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were found no significant differences among the different age groups. Conclusion: Study demonstrates that age has no effect on the levels of leptin, insulin, T4, and TSH in this Manipuri women's group.