Le paysage soudanien est en pleine mutation avec une conversion progressive des formations soudaniennes en formations sahéliennes. Dans cette étude, menée sur les formations ligneuses soudaniennes, l'objectif était d'évaluer, d'une part, les effets isolés du mode d'utilisation des terres et de la position topographique et, d'autre part, celui de leurs interactions sur la diversité floristique des formations végétales. Pour ce faire, des relevés phytosociologiques de superficies variables ont été réalisés dans trois types d'unités d'utilisation des terres (forêt classée, jachère, champ) suivant un gradient topographique (glacis, bas-fond). L'effet de la topographie et du gradient d'utilisation des terres sur la diversité floristique a été évalué par une analyse de variance à deux facteurs. Les analyses statistiques ont montré que les formations protégées sont significativement plus diversifiées que celles des jachères et des champs. La grande diversité floristique observée dans les formations protégées s'explique par les mesures de protection qui y sont appliquées. Une forte similarité floristique est à noter entre les jachères et les champs, due à la réduction continue de la durée de jachère. Par ailleurs, indépendamment du mode d'utilisation des terres, les formations des glacis restent plus diversifiées que celles des bas-fonds car ces écosystèmes sont peu sélectifs et offrent des conditions édaphiques favorables à l'installation et au développement de plusieurs espèces. L'interaction entre les modes d'utilisation des terres et les unités topographiques n'influe pas sur la diversité floristique ligneuse soudanienne du fait que l'impact anthropique dans les différents habitats sur cette diversité n'est pas lié à la position topographique. Aussi les conditions topographiques déterminent-elles plus la diversité des formations ligneuses que le mode d'utilisation des terres dans ce site d'étude.
Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is one of the main native oil plants with high economic value in Africa. Its fruits are used for food, medicinal, cultural and exportation purposes. However, the lack of efficient tools to assess annual fruit production of the species limits the sustainable management of its resources. Therefore, production statistics are useful to organize the activities of the shea sector. This study aimed to (i) assess the interannual variation in fruit production along a climatic gradient in Burkina Faso, (ii) examine fruit production patterns according to climatic zones and tree size, (iii) assess the contribution of high-yielding trees in the annual potential production and (iv) develop allometric equations for estimating fruit yields of the species. The yield of 212 trees distributed across three climatic zones was monitored over four successive years. Within each climatic zone, fruit production was significantly different among years. Fruit production was positively and significantly correlated with tree size. The interannual variation in fruit production at tree individual level was higher in drier climatic conditions. The mean interindividual synchrony was less than 50% in each zone, suggesting a large range in fruit production patterns of the species. Annually, more than 55% of the total fruit production was supported by high-yielding trees. The best regression models for estimating fruit yields had R 2 values of 69-73% with prediction errors ranging from −7% to 4%. Our findings are useful tools for the planning of rational exploitation of shea tree's resources and its sustainable management.
A better knowledge of the impact of environmental conditions on shea tree’s fruit production is critical to improve the species management. Fruit production of 237 shea trees was monitored over five successive years (2014–2018) to understand how climatic variables, shea tree population and land use could affect fruit production patterns of the species in Burkina Faso. Data were collected in 12 shea tree populations distributed in three climatic zones with two contrast land use systems. The results showed that fruit production was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature, temperature seasonality, rainfall seasonality and solar radiation, while it was positive with annual rainfall. Therefore, fruiting modelling is needed to predict the impact of future climate change on reproductive ability of the species. In each climatic zone, fruit production was significantly different among shea tree populations (p < 0.05). Within populations, fruit production greatly varies among years with specific patterns of variation. Land use had significant effect on fruit production of shea tree (p < 0.05). Annually, shea trees produced about 12 times more in agroforestry parklands than in protected areas. Interannual variation in fruit production at individual tree level was higher in protected areas. The cultivation of shea tree is recommended to improve its fruit productivity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.